ELECTRICAL

TRANSMISSION AND
DISTRIBUTION
IN SMALL ISLANDS IN
INDONESIA Afif Fadhilah
Beta Salsabila Asyraful Hakim
Geraldy Faiq Putra
Muhamad Barkah Darajat
Putri Hanifah Sasmitoningrum
Rasmohan Agni klisme
Rizal Aqimul Haq Alfath Ermadinoto
ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
IN SMALL ISLANDS IN INDONESIA
Factors Related to The Lack of Electricity
in Small Islands

1. Lack of Infrastructure on the Small Island

The lack of infrastructure is one of the

difficult factors of electricity in small islands.
The Infrastructure here are such as roads,
transportation and ports.
2. Difficult Access
Access is one of the main factors for the
government to provide electricity in remote islands
still unable to provide a mast pylon that is powered
by electricity due to the lack or not support access in
islands. While the installation of power poles needs to
consider the location, soil conditions, and access to
the absence of such power hampered obstacles.
Human Development Index
Diversity

HDI explains how people can access

development outcomes in obtaining
income, health, education, and so on.
HDI is formed by 3 (three) basic
dimensions:
1. Long life and healthy life
2. Knowledge
3. Eligible standard of living
 Table of Human Development Index Province in Indonesia 2010-2016
(www.bps.co.id)
[Metode Baru] Indeks Pembangunan Manusia
Provinsi / Kabupaten / Kota
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

ACEH 67.09 67.45 67.81 68.3 68.81 69.45 70

SUMATERA UTARA 67.09 67.34 67.74 68.36 68.87 69.51 70

SUMATERA BARAT 67.25 67.81 68.36 68.91 69.36 69.98 70.73

RIAU 68.65 68.9 69.15 69.91 70.33 70.84 71.2

JAMBI 65.39 66.14 66.94 67.76 68.24 68.89 69.62

SUMATERA SELATAN 64.44 65.12 65.79 66.16 66.75 67.46 68.24

BENGKULU 65.35 65.96 66.61 67.5 68.06 68.59 69.33

LAMPUNG 63.71 64.2 64.87 65.73 66.42 66.95 67.65

KEP. BANGKA BELITUNG 66.02 66.59 67.21 67.92 68.27 69.05 69.55

KEP. RIAU 71.13 71.61 72.36 73.02 73.4 73.75 73.99

DKI JAKARTA 76.31 76.98 77.53 78.08 78.39 78.99 79.6

JAWA BARAT 66.15 66.67 67.32 68.25 68.8 69.5 70.05

JAWA TENGAH 66.08 66.64 67.21 68.02 68.78 69.49 69.98

DI YOGYAKARTA 75.37 75.93 76.15 76.44 76.81 77.59 78.38

JAWA TIMUR 65.36 66.06 66.74 67.55 68.14 68.95 69.74

BANTEN 67.54 68.22 68.92 69.47 69.89 70.27 70.96

BALI 70.1 70.87 71.62 72.09 72.48 73.27 73.65

NUSA TENGGARA BARAT 61.16 62.14 62.98 63.76 64.31 65.19 65.81

NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 59.21 60.24 60.81 61.68 62.26 62.67 63.13

KALIMANTAN BARAT 61.97 62.35 63.41 64.3 64.89 65.59 65.88

KALIMANTAN TENGAH 65.96 66.38 66.66 67.41 67.77 68.53 69.13

KALIMANTAN SELATAN 65.2 65.89 66.68 67.17 67.63 68.38 69.05

KALIMANTAN TIMUR 71.31 72.02 72.62 73.21 73.82 74.17 74.59

KALIMANTAN UTARA - - - 67.99 68.64 68.76 69.2

SULAWESI UTARA 67.83 68.31 69.04 69.49 69.96 70.39 71.05

SULAWESI TENGAH 63.29 64.27 65 65.79 66.43 66.76 67.47

SULAWESI SELATAN 66 66.65 67.26 67.92 68.49 69.15 69.76

SULAWESI TENGGARA 65.99 66.52 67.07 67.55 68.07 68.75 69.31

GORONTALO 62.65 63.48 64.16 64.7 65.17 65.86 66.29

SULAWESI BARAT 59.74 60.63 61.01 61.53 62.24 62.96 63.6

MALUKU 64.27 64.75 65.43 66.09 66.74 67.05 67.6

MALUKU UTARA 62.79 63.19 63.93 64.78 65.18 65.91 66.63

PAPUA BARAT 59.6 59.9 60.3 60.91 61.28 61.73 62.21

PAPUA 54.45 55.01 55.55 56.25 56.75 57.25 58.05

INDONESIA 66.53 67.09 67.7 68.31 68.9 69.55 70.18

 ELECTRIFICATION RATIO IN
INDONESIA AND SATELLITE
IMAGE ON NIGHT IN INDONESIA

Viewing satellite images in Indonesia during the day has often we do through
Google Maps or Google Earth. But have you ever explored the archipelago
cluster at night? The beauty of the Indonesian earth will appear in a different
form.
 Bali, NTB and NTT

Can be seen between Bali island, NTB and NTT which is believed
to be at night is bali province compared with NTB and NTT
province because Bali has become international tourism object.
The electrification ratio signifies the ratio of the number of people who enjoy
electricity to the total population in a region or country. Data from International
Energy Agency, Indonesia's electrification ratio is only about 60%, meaning that
40% of Indonesia's population has not enjoyed electricity. This electrification ratio
is closely related to the economic growth rate of a region. The data below also
indirectly explain the extent to which the level of the Indonesian economy,
where Indonesia is included in the ranks of countries with electrification ratio
below average, along with several countries in Africa.
35.000 MW, Target or
Requirement?
 The 35,000 MW program aims to
meet the electricity needs of
Indonesians from Sabang to
Merauke. This will certainly have a
significant impact on economic
growth outside Java, which
previously lacked power supplies.
 Over the next 5 years, the
government together with PLN
and the private sector will build
109 plants; each of which consists
of 35 projects by PLN with a total
capacity of 10,681 MW and 74
projects by private / Independent
Power Producer (IPP) with a total
capacity of 25,904 MW.
ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
CHARACTERISTIC IN ISOLATED PLACES IN
INDONESIA
Building hybrid power plant might be a good solution
for supplying electricity to isolated society. In its
developing progress, it uses local energy potency
(renewable) and combines them into hybrid power
plant with minimum two kinds of another energy
sources (wind or solar energy).
Alternatives power plant examples

Solar power plant Biogas power plant

Indonesia is a tropical Rantau Sakti village,
country Riau from palm waste
Built near the equator Will be used widely
(Kalimantan and
Sulawesi)
Expensive
components
Wind power plant Micro hydro power
plant
Indonesia has long
coastline Reduces the need
for a big water
Baru Beach, Ngentak,
source
Poncosari, Srandakan, The
Districk of Bantul Has potential in
Yogyakarta Indonesia
 Transmission and Distribution
Characteristic in Small Islands

Undersea Above sea

Improvement of Performance after
interconnection transmission line
in Ambon, Haruku and Saparua Island
Before After
Parameter
Interconnection Interconnection
Active Power
4.26% 2.91%
losses
Reactive
29% 23%
Power Losses
Peak Voltage
5.4% 4.93%
Decreasing
 What about the distribution?

Mobile Power Plant by PLN

Kepmen 5889 K/20/MEM/2016

MDPP B/TM
Consumption Characteristic
and
Grid Application Probability
Peak Load By Electricity Consumption
Grid System
ISOLATED ISLANDS THAT OWN POWER
PLANT
1. Saugi Island
With the installation of solar panels in houses of
worship, floating charts and fishing vessels is expected
to be an example for the surrounding community to
develop environmentally friendly renewable energy,
so it is expected to support the development of the
island, ranging from lighting, energy, information
services, transportation, and etc.
2 . Panjang island The study proposes the implementation of a
hybrid power plant consisting of solar panels and diesel
generators to ensure the reliability of power supplies with the goal
of producing an optimal hybrid power plant plan on Pulau
Panjang using Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable
(HOMER) simulations. HOMER is a hybrid power plant optimization
model that simulates a system operation of 8,760 hours a year
based on the lowest NPC (Net Present Cost) cost (Lambert et al.,
2006).
Conclussion

Indonesia with archipelago typical found many kinds

of difficulties in generating, transmitting and
distributing electricity through all over its area which
are 17.504 total of islands.
Geographical restriction had become main problem
influencing in infrastructure and access in an island to
build either power plant or transmission line.
 The geographical reason also influences the Human Development
Index diversity in Indonesia with the highest of 79% in Indonesia and
the lowest of 58% and electrification ratio with the highest of 99% and
the lowest of 44%.
The area with low ratio of electrification are mostly area with
archipelago characteristic due to the number of islands with high
number of human spread in each island.
 Power plant characteristic in small islands in Indonesia are still mostly
using solar power plant. Several islands have used hybrid type of
power plant.
To fulfill the needs of electricity in small islands with close distance
each other, could be done by interconnection system of transmission
line.
Another way to maximize the electricity supply in islands is by utilizing
grid system.
 Beside to fulfill the needs, interconnection system of transmission line
could improve the performance of electricity network including the
active power losses, reactive power losses and peak voltage
decreasing.

There are two types of transmission line to interconnect islands

electricity, which are undersea transmission line and above sea
transmission line.
Thank You