Photography Club

Bandar Penawar Sports School

Deliver by:
Mr. Nazri Bakar
Mr. Hamzah E.A Baputy
Mr. Mohd. Jamil Saleh
Mr. Kamal Kamsun
Mr. Ahmad Fadhli Mat Nor
Mr Iddie Rafizal Idris
 LESSON 2
Introduction to Camera
Lectured by: nazri@ssbp.edu.my

Overview Lesson
Know Camera
Basic Technique
Lens
Camera setting (ISO, shuttle, aperture,
resolution, size)
Practical
Handling camera
Camera take care
Image editing using Adobe Photoshop
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Camera
Common Components
Body: A light-tight compartment to house the
recording medium (film or CCD).
Lens: A transparent element to focus light rays onto
the recording medium.
Aperture: A method of controlling how much light
reaches the recording medium.
Shutter: A method of controlling how long the
recording medium is exposed to the incoming light.
Viewfinder: A way to see the image that is to be
captured.
Transport: In film cameras, a method of moving the
film and holding it in the correct position.
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Types of Camera
1. SLR (Single Lens Reflex): The viewfinder sees the same image as
the main lens, i.e. what you see is what you get. SLRs also allow you
to change lenses for different purposes. This is a hugely popular type
of camera for professional use.
2. Viewfinder (or range finder): In this type of camera the viewfinder is
separate to the lens. The main problem with a separate viewfinder is
that the image you see may not be quite the same as the image that
gets recorded.
3. Twin reflex: The camera has two lenses one for the photograph
and one for the viewfinder. This type of camera has certain
advantages in some professional situations.
4. View: A flexible bellows joins two standards one with the lens and
the other with the viewfinder or film. This allows for unusual types of
composition; for example, distorting the shape of the image by
skewing the film plane.
5. Pinhole: A very simple camera without a lens.
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1. SLR (single lens reflex)

Menunjukkan
cahaya masuk dan
dibalikkan supaya
nampak pada
viewfinder.
Objek yang nampak
pada viewfinder
adalah sama dengan
yang direkod.
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SLR
Menunjukkan
cahaya masuk dan
direkod pada
recording medium
dan disimpan secara
digital dalam kad
ingatan.
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2. Viewfinder Cameras
Kamera viewfinder
camera mengasingkan
imej yang diperolehi
melalui lens.
Kebiasaannya viewfinder
mempunyai lens yang
ringkas yang menunjukkan
imej yang hendak direkod.
Masalahnya: angle tak
sama dengan apa yang
dilihat dengan apa yang
direkod.
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3. Twin reflex Cameras

A twin-lens reflex
camera (TLR) is a type
of camera with two
objective lenses of the
same focal length. One
of the lenses is the
photographic objective
(the lens that takes the
picture), while the other
is used for the waist-
level viewfinder system.
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4. Pinhole Cameras
A pinhole camera is
a camera without a glass lens.
A common use of a pinhole
camera is to capture the
movement of sunlight over a
long period of time
(Solargraphy).
Pinhole cameras require
much longer exposure
times than conventional
cameras because of the small
aperture; typical exposure
times can range from
5 seconds to hours or days.
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Basic Shooting Techniques I

Basic Composition: Getting it right.
Keep the composition simple!
Start by shooting on the level.
Always keep your eye on whats
happening at the front and the back of
the frame and NOT just on the
immediate subject.
If the background is 'messy' (like my
office), move the subject against a
plainer-looking background. If this is
not possible, use the zoom lens to
frame distractions out of the shot.
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Basic Shooting Techniques I

Keep your composition
simple
Avoid telephone poles, wires,
cables, litter and street
rubbish.
Candid, those shots we all
love to take without actually
talking or looking properly at
the subject, almost always
never work!
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Basic Shooting Techniques I

Clean Background
Heres a tip: Always, always
shoot with an uncluttered
background so that you look
at the subject, and not at the
telephone pole or McDonalds
sign thats sticking out of the
top of their heads!
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Basic Shooting Techniques I

Choosing the Right Shooting Mode
Most pictures will come out fine with the camera set to
'P' or Program Mode rather than the Auto everything
mode.
Portrait Mode (this helps make the background go a bit
out of focus)
Aperture Priority mode (called A or Av)
Manually choose a setting of about f4 or f5.6. This keeps
things sharp on the subject, but reasonably fuzzy
everywhere else.
Landscape for far-off subjects, use (or 'Mountain') mode.
This locks focus into the distance and guarantees a
sharper-looking distant shot.
Sports Action for all action shots - Shutter Priority mode
(called T or Tv). Pick a shutter speed of about 1/500s
to 'freeze' the action.

(Note: if you use these 'fast' shutter speeds, you might

run out of llight! If this is the case, choose an ISO
sensitivity setting of 200 or 400 if theres not much light).
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Basic Shooting Techniques I

Avoid Shooting on Full Auto Mode
Dont shoot on Auto. idiots!
Switch to the P or Program Auto setting.
This is also an automatic shooting mode,
BUT in this mode you can override its
behavior in order to make the resulting
pictures look even better (ie. lighter,
darker, more contrast, etc).
Use the optical viewfinder for normal
shooting. It will give you a better idea of
what you are getting in the shot because
youll not be put off by reflections, bright
sun or falling off the pavement while
struggling to get the viewing angle right.
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Traditional Camera Techniques

The following are the camera elements in any scene:
Field of View
Transitions
Camera Angle
Camera moves
Panning
Dolly shot
Crane shot
Lenses
Zoom Lenses and the Vertigo Effect
Depth of Field Effects
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Traditional Camera Techniques:

Field of View (FOV)
Described by a cone with
the vertex at the camera's
position.
Example, for a 35mm lens Field of View (FOV)
Camera position
the FOV is 63 degrees
(wide-angle), for a 50 mm
lens it is 46 degrees
(normal), and for a 135 mm
lens it is 18 degrees
(telephoto).
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Standard camera shots using

different length lenses
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ELS (Extreme Long Shot)

In the ELS, the view is so
far from the subject that
she isn't even visible. The
point of this shot is to
show the subject's
surroundings. The EWS
is often used as an
establishing shot the
first shot of a new scene,
designed to show the
audience where the
action is taking place.
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VLS (Very Long Shot)

The VLS is much
closer to the subject.
She is (just) visible
here, but the
emphasis is still on
placing her in her
environment. This
also works as an
establishing shot.
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FS (Full Shot)
In the LS, the subject takes
up the full frame. In this case,
the girl's feet are almost at the
bottom of frame, and her
head is almost at the top.
Obviously the subject doesn't
take up the whole width and
height of the frame, since this
is as close as we can get
without losing any part of her.
The small amount of room
above and below the subject
can be thought of as safety
room - you don't want to be
cutting the top of the head off.
It would also look
uncomfortable if her feet and
head were exactly at the top
and bottom of frame.
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MS (Mid Shot)
The MS shows some part of
the subject in more detail,
whilst still showing enough
for the audience to feel as if
they were looking at the
whole subject. In fact, this is
an approximation of how you
would see a person "in the
flesh" if you were having a
casual conversation. You
wouldn't be paying any
attention to their lower body,
so that part of the picture is
unnecessary.
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MCU (Medium Close Up)

Half way between a
MS and a CU. This
shot shows the face
more clearly, without
getting
uncomfortably close.
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CU (Close Up)
In the CU, a certain
feature or part of the
subject takes up the
whole frame. A close
up of a person
usually means a close
up of their face.
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ECU (Extreme Close Up)

The ECU gets right
in and shows extreme
detail. For people,
the ECU is used to
convey emotion.
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Traditional Camera Techniques:

Camera Angle
The camera angle helps to determine the point of view of
the camera.
To interpret the cameras "eye level" as containing
meaning.
Viewers expect the camera to show a level horizon.
The cameras height above ground level and its angle in
relationship to the ground should reflect real-life.
A birds eye or worms eye view is unnatural and draws
attention to itself.
For example, in a wide-angle shot the camera is usually in
position of a viewer sitting down. In close-ups males are
usually shown from just below eye level and females from
just above eye-level. Placing a camera at the eye level of a
standing person actually appears too high most of the
time.
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Traditional Camera Techniques:

Camera moves
Panning
Dolly shot
Crane shot
Lenses
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Traditional Camera Techniques:

Zoom Lenses and the Vertigo Effect
A Zoom lens has a variable focal length and so
camera "moves" can be made without actually
moving the camera.
Professional cinematographers use the zoom
very sparingly and generally prefer to move the
camera.
Amateurs love the zoom and can create some
very nauseating motion by combining zooms
and rapid pans. Here is an example of a vertigo
shot.
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Traditional Camera Techniques:

Depth of Field Effects

In this first scene, the creature and

Debbie are having an innocent
conversation, with the center of focus
and attention on them.

Next we switch to focusing on the evil

alien as he covertly observes their
conversation.
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Lens
Telephoto
Far object
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Micro Lens
Close to object
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Camera Setting
ISO
Shutter
Aperture
Resolution
Fail Size Image
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Image Editing
Using Adobe Photoshop
Adding text
Color correction
Lasso Polygonal
Erase
Stamp
Filter
Adjustment
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References
http://www.mediacollege.com/photography/ca
mera/