Pusat Pengajian Ilmu Kemanusiaan

Sidang Akademik 2017/2018

HSE353E: History of Modern Europe Since The Eighteenth-
Century
Mr. Ooi Hock Tiam
NAMA PEMBENTANG :

TEOH XUE LING 127631

NUR IFFA BT HUZAINY 127588
SITI NUR HAJAR AHMAD 127754
Tutorial 3: Napoleon Bonaparte and Bonapartism

(A)Analyse Napoleons role in the French Revolution and his speedy

rise to power
(B)Describe the changes Napoleon made in France as a First Consul
and then Emperor
(C)Napoleon Bonaparte has been hailed as great statesman. To what
extent do you agree that Napoleon Bonaparte is a great statesman?
 Who is Naopleon Bonaparte
Born in Corsica, an island on the
Mediterranean in 1769
From aristocratic family and his father
is a lawyer.
Educated in French military schools
which led to his commission in 1785 as
a lieutenant in the French army
he was short, spoke with an Italian
accent.
Participated in the French Revolution
at an early age
 Analyse Napoleons role
The weakness
Education in the French Revolution
of the
Background and his speedy rise to Directory
power Government

Napoleons
Personality
 Napoleons personality
According to Markham, Napoleon is a
strong, determined, ambitious, strong,
persevering and thoughtful person.
According to McManners, Napoleon has a
very strong endurance and concertation.
He was a man of high organzing ability.
For example, Napoleon was very
successful in his military campaigns, and
that laid the foundation necessary for his
political achievements.
He had ability to create friendship with
people of influence, this made him popular
hence, his rise to power.
 Education Background
Napoleon was educated at the military
Academy in Brienne.
He was got military skills from Academy and
that is why he became the best young Artillery
officer of the time.
Military successes
1792 became a Captain
1794 Brigadier General
1796 Commander of the French armies in Italy
where he used speed, deception, and surprise to
win a series of victories
1797 returned to France as a conquering hero
 The weakness of the Directory Government
They had failed to control religious conflicts in France
They failed to maintain law and order internally
The Directors were divided by ideological differences. As an example, Abbey Sieyes
opposed the war against the second coalition and wanted peace. This confusion provided
chance for Napoleon to come to power, ie, he was helped by Abbey sieyes to organize a
coup that brought him to power 1799.
The Directory failed to deal with the key problems of finance and war.
The poor finances were caused by the wars that the revolutionary governments had been
fighting, and they continued through the directory until Napoleon ended them in 1802.
The changes Napoleon made in France as a First
Consul and then Emperor
CONCORDAT

Concordat is an agreement between Napoleon Bonarparte and the Pope in the

Vatican.
Through this agreement, Napoleon hopes can bring reunification into the
French society which split because of Church Civil Constitution.
Napoleon start to disscuss with new Pope, Pius in June 1800. At first, Pope
delayed the move because still suspicious of the stability and resilience of the
Napoleons government.
Finally, Concordat was confirmed by the Pope in December, 1801 and also was
confirmed by The Legislative Assembly.
Concordat affirmed the Catholic school as the sect of the three consul members
and the majority of French citizens.
 The appointment of Archbishop will be made by Consul I, will be officially
opened by the Pope. The Church's low-ranking staff was elected by the Bishop
and was no longer in the General election.
The people who bought the land of the learned church were not told to
surrender the land on the part of the Church. Religious tax payments continue
to be abolished and the government continues to be responsible for hiring
Church officials. Freedom of religion is guaranteed to Protestant believers and
other beliefs.
 NAPOLEONIC CODE

Encompassing laws in various fields such as family, economy and judgment

and trying to balance the rights and freedoms of the people with the interests of
the government.
giving freedom of belief, freedom of divorce for same-sex couples and
individual freedom of choice to work.
Political power or country is also placed more important than the power of the
church.
in the family, the power of the husband and wife to the child is tightened. Out-
of-child children are not allowed to inherit the estate unless they are recognized
by the parents concerned through the legal process. Their status is not the same
as the true child status.
In economy, laws on sale, mortgages and others have been detailed even though
the law on industrial affairs is not complete. These details to facilitate the
activities of the middle class economy.
However, the workers did not get a direct and decisive defense. They are
banned from joining for the purpose of claiming more salaries, proof or case
submitted by the employer more than the evidence or case presented by the
employee.
 PREFECT SYSTEM

Napoleon Bonarparte introducing a new system of government known as the

Prefect System.
In this new system, all the old districts, ie those areas divided by the interests of
a chief, finance and others have been abolished.
All this was replaced by the establishment of local government and the head of
local government administration was called the Prefect.
Napoleon also streamlined the administration of the Ministry of Police in 1804.
In 1810, a quorum for the reinstatement of the rules contained in letters de cachet
was enforced.
With this provision, any person may be imprisoned or dumped if required by
the head of state.
Correspondence has been filtered. Napoleon Bonarparte also has a secret spy
system and agent used to monitor any opposing group.
Napoleon Bonaparte has been hailed as a great
statesman. To what extent do you agree that
Napoleon Bonaparte ia a great statesman?
 We are agree that Napoleon Bonaparte is a great statesman because he was born the son of a minor
noble on the island off the coast of Italy, yet in just a few decades he gained control of France and
conquered most of Europe. He could do this because he had the skills and abilities required to seize
favorable situations that he encountered and turn them to his own benefit.
The first characteristic of Napoleon is that he was diligent to always be
improving himself and acquiring knowledge that would help him in future
tasks.
Always Later in life, when he was planning a military campaign, he would read books
Learning about the place in which he would be operating. Studying the countrys
history, geography and culture made him better prepared for whatever he
would encounter, and help him to avoid errors that previous generals had
made.

Good Napoleon was very successful in his military campaigns, and that laid the
foundation necessary for his political achievements. He fought 60 battles in his
General
career, and lost only seven, mostly towards the end. He was talented both
strategically and tactically.
 Efficient
Organizer

Bonaparte was not just a great general, he was

also good at logistics
Napoleon was very skilled at logistics. He
ensured that the preparations were in place to
keep his troops fighting effectively. He wrote
many letters just about shoes, to make sure that
his army would be able to keep marching.

He ensured that the preparations were in place

to keep his troops fighting effectively

This logistical competence was necessary to

win his victories.
 Brilliance

One essential feature of Napoleons

character was his brilliance. Not only
was he very smart, he could also handle
many topics at once. He could dictate
letter after letter to his secretaries, on a
wide variety of topics, often without
even stopping to think.
He could also compartmentalize his
mind. Even in the midst of a very
stressful campaign, he could put the
present situation behind him and think
with incredible clarity about another
separate issue
 Good
Government
One thing that is common to many dictators
is that they improve the government in the
countries over which they rule. The legend
about Mussolini is that he made the trains run
on time. When he came to power in France,
he fixed many of the nations problems. He
ensured that contractors and troops got paid
on time.
He also instituted the Napoleonic legal code
in France, which is still the basis for French
law today. It brought to France a single set of
laws, wiping out the confusing remnants of
feudalism
 Convincing
Propaganda
Napoleon was a master of propaganda and popular
manipulation. He knew how important the peoples
opinion was, and used his rhetorical power to shape
it for his purposes. One way he did this was by
skillfully riding the tide of public opinion. When the
French Revolution first began, he was a supporter of
the Jacobin

Napoleon was also involved with the French press.

The newspapers were under tight control, and if
they published anything with which the emperor
did not agree, they would be shut down. He was
very cognizant of how the papers shaped public
opinion, and would often write columns for the
newspapers to make sure they espoused exactly his
view
Napoleon made a series of reforms to improve the
government, economy, & lives for French citizens
To fix the French economy,
he introduced a fair tax system & a
Bank of France to regulate the
money supply
He created a merit based
system for govt bureaucrats
He created public schools for
students of all backgrounds
He issued a comprehensive set of
laws called the Napoleonic Code
that provided order, freedom of
religion, & eliminated privileges by
estates
 CONCLUSION

Based on our discussion, we concluded that Napoleon Bonaparte

is a greatest military and political leader in French. The changes
that he make help the French become one of the country was
very powerful at that time. Because of his achievement in various
war, and help to solve the problem that existed in French, so
citizens of French supported him until his become a emperor in
French.
 BIBLIOGRAFI

Abbott, J. S. The History of Napoleon Bonaparte. New York: Harper&Brothers,

1855.
Qasim Ahmad. Eropah Moden : Arus Sosiopolitik dan Pemerintahan. Kuala
Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka , 1985.
Thompson, J.M. 1969. Napoleon Bonaparte: His Rise and Fall. Oxford: Basil
Blackwell.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBT44xm0FhA