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(wired) (wireless)
Coaxial
cable
TRANSMISSION LINES
Transmission Lines
: a system of conductors having precise geometry
& arrangement that is used to transfer power
from a source to load with minimum loads.
: Media for conveying information from one point
to another.
: The conductive connections between system
elements which carry signal power.
TRANSMISSION LINES
Transmission Lines
: Specifically, 2 or more electrical conductors
separated by a nonconductive insulator
(dielectric), such as a pair of wires or a system of
wire pairs.
: can be used to propagate dc or low- frequency
ac or very high frequencies
:
TRANSVERSE
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
TEM
: Transverse wave is the kind of waves for which
direction is perpendicular to the direction of the
propagation.
: a TEM propagates primarily in the nonconductor
(dielectric) that separates the two conductors of
the transmission line.
: in conductors, current and voltage are always
accompanied by an electric (E) field and a
magnetic (H) field in the adjoining region of
space.
TRANSVERSE
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
TRANSVERSE
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
Characteristics of EM Waves
Wave Velocity
: in free space (vacuum), TEM waves travel at the
speed of light : c = 186, 281 statute miles/sec or
299,793,000 m/sec or 186,000 mi/s and
3 x 10^8 m/s
: in air (Earths atmosphere), TEM waves travel
slightly slower and along a transmission line, TEM
waves travel considerably slower
TRANSVERSE
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
Characteristics of EM Waves
Frequency and Wavelength
: the rate at which the periodic wave repeats is its
frequency, the distance of one cycle occurring in
space is called the wavelength
Example
Find the gain in dB for a system with input power of 5W
and output power of 10W.
GdB = 10 log10(Pout/Pin) = 10 log10(10W/5W) = 3.01dB
dB
dB to power ratio conversion
: The power P2 is equal to the reference power
P1 times 10 raised
by the gain in GdB divided by 10.
P2 = P1 10(GdB / 10)
Example
Find the output voltage for a system with input
voltage of 5V and voltage gain of 6dB.
Vout = Vin 10 (GdB / 20) = 5V 10 (6dB / 20) = 9.976V 10V
dB
Voltage gain
: The voltage gain (GdB) is 20 times the base 10
logarithm of the ratio of the output voltage (Vout)
and the input voltage (Vin):