GSM Architecture

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 GSM Architecture
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GSM is an abbreviation for


 
 

 

.
½ 
system is basically a combination of three major
interfacing used subsystems are:
a)
bile tati (MS).
b) Base tati ub-system (BSS) comprising a B  and BT s.
) Netw & witi ub-system (NSS) comprising an

s.
½ 2he ite
aes used between systems are:
a) µA¶ interface between
 and B .
b) µAbis¶ interface between the B  and BT 
c) An µUm¶ interface between the BT and
.
GSM Architecture Overview
3
 Network Areas
4

Vvery telephone network needs a well designed structure

in order to route incoming call to the correct exchange
and finally to the called subscriber.

½ In the 
system, the etw is divided into the

following five areas:
a) 
service area.
b) PL
N service area.
)
 VLR service area.
d) Location area.
e) Cells.
Network Areas
5
Mobile Station (MS)
6
2he Mobile Station
consists of:
1) Subscriber Identity
Module (SIM).
2) Mobile V uipment
(MV).
 Mobile Station (MS)
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2he
includes radio e uipment and the
a
aie

Ite
ae (MMI).
can be installed in Vehicles or can be
portable or handheld stations include provisions for data
communication as well as voice.
½ Vach
is identified by an Iteatial
bile Equipmet Idetity
(IMVI) that is permanently stored in the mobile e uipment. 2he I
EI
can be used to identify mobile e uipment that are reported stolen.
½ 2he
bile ubsibe I N (MSISDN) number is the number that the
calling party dials in order to reach the subscriber.
½ 2he Iteatial
bile ubsibe Idetity (IMSI) is the primary
function of the subscriber within the mobile network and is permanently
assigned to him.
½ 2he 
system also assign a Tempay
bile ubsibe Idetity
(2MSI).
Base Station System (BSS)
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2he BSS comprises of:

1) One or more
Base 2ransceiver Station
(B2S).
2) One or more
Base Station Controller
(BSC).
 Base 2ransceiver Station (B2S)
9

Siting of the BT is crucial to the provision of acceptable radio

coverage.

A B2S is a network component that serves one cell and is controlled by

a BSC. B2S is typically able to handle three to five radio carries,
carrying between. Reducing the B2S volume is important to keeping
down the cost of the cell sites.

2he BT contains:
a) Radi Tasmitte  Reeive (2RX).
b) Signal processing or e uipment.
c) Antennas and Feeder cables.
 Base Station Center (BSC)
10

2he B , is connected to the
 on one side and to the

BT on the other. 2he B  performs the Radi Resue
(RR) management for the cells under its control.

½ B  assigns and release fre uencies and timeslots for all
s in

its own area. 2he B  performs the intercell handover for
s
moving between BT in its control.
½ 2he B  controls the power transmission of both B s and
s
in its area. 2he B  can direct the BT to notify the
to
advance the timing such that proper synchronization takes place.
½ 2he B  may also perform traffic concentration to reduce the
number of transmission lines from the B  to its BT s.
Network Switching System (NSS)
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2he key elements of NSS are:
1) Mobile Switching Center
(MSC).
2) Home Location Register
(HLR).
3) Visitor Location Register
(VLR).
4) V uipment Identity
Register (VIR).
5) Gateway Mobile Switching
Center (GMSC).
 Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
12

2he switching subsystem is known as
bile witi

ete (MSC).
½ 2he network and the switching subsystem together include the
main switching functions of 
as well as the databases needed
for subscriber data and mobility management.
½ 2he main role of the
 is to manage the communications
between the 
users and other telecommunication network
users.
½ 2he basic switching function is performed by the
, whose
main function is to coordinate setting up calls to and from 

users.
½ 2he
 must also handle different types of numbers and
identities related to the same
and contained in different
registers: I
I, T
I, I N umbe, and
RN.
Gateway Mobile Switching Center (GMSC)
13

A 
 is a device which routes traffic entering a mobile

network to the correct destination.
½ 2he 
 routes calls out of the network and is the
point of access for calls entering the network from
outside.
å 2he 
 helps to find the location of re uired mobile
subscriber.
å A particular
 is assigned to act as a 

å 2he operator may decide to assign more than one 
.
 Visitor Location Register (VLR)
14

Visit Lati Re iste (VLR) stores data temporarily

for mobiles served by the
.
½ Vach
 has a VLR.
½ 2he information stored in VLR includes:
å Iteatial
bile ubsibe Idetity (IMSI) Number
å
bile tati I N (MSISDN) Number.
å
bile tati Rami Numbe (MSRN).
å Tempay
bile tati Idetity (2MSI) Number .
å Lal
bile tati Idetity (LMSI) Number.
å 2he location area where the mobile station has been registered.
å Supplementary service parameters.
 Home Location Register (HLR)
15

2ogether with the mutetiati ete, the LR checks

the validity and service profile of subscribers.
½ Stores details of all subscribers in the network, such as:
å Subscription information.
å Location information: Mobile Station Roaming Number
(MSRN), VLR,

å Iteatial
bile ubsibe Idetity (IMSI).
å
I N number.
å 2ele-service and bearer service subscription information.
å Service restrictions.
å Supplementary services.
 V uipment Identity Register (VIR)
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Equipmet Idetity Re iste (VIR) is a database that

stores a uni ue Iteatial
bile Equipmet Idetity
(IMVI) number.
½ EIR may be optionally used by the operator to control
access to the network by certain type of e uipments or to
monitor lost or stolen handsets.
½ 2he possible three status levels are:
a) White listed: 2he terminal is allowed to connect to the network.
b) Grey listed: 2he terminal is under observation by the network.
c) Black listed: 2he terminal has either been reported stolen, or is
not a type approved for a 
network. 2he terminal is not
allowed to connect to the network.
2hank you!

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