Work and Energy

Kelompok
Kelompok ::
LUKMAN
LUKMAN FADHOLI
FADHOLI (140210102047)
(140210102047)
EVA
EVA (140210102055)
(140210102055)
FAURIL
FAURIL RIZAYALDI
RIZAYALDI (140210102080)
(140210102080)
ALFI
ALFI FIRMAN
FIRMAN SYAH
SYAH (140210102087)
(140210102087)
The Ninja, a roller coaster at Six Flags over
Georgia, has a height of 122 ft and a speed of
52 mi/h. The potential energy due to its
height changes into kinetic energy of motion.
 Objectives: After completing this
module, you should be able to:
Define kinetic energy and potential energy,
along with the appropriate units in each system.
Describe the relationship between work and
kinetic energy, and apply the WORK-ENERGY
THEOREM.
Define and apply the concept of POWER, along
with the appropriate units.
 Energy
Energy is anything that can be con-
verted into work; i.e., anything that can
exert a force through a distance.
distance

Energy is the capability for doing work.

 Potential Energy
Potential Energy: Ability to do work by
virtue of position or condition.
condition

A suspended weight A stretched bow

 Potensial Energy
Potential energy exists whenever an object which has
mass has a position within a force field. The most
everyday example of this is the position of objects in
the earth's gravitational field. The potential energy of
an object in this case is given by the relation:
PE = mgh
PE = Energy (in Joules)
m = mass (in kilograms)
g = gravitational acceleration of the earth (9.8
m/sec2)
h = height above earth's surface (in meters)
Example Problem: What is the potential
energy of a 50-kg person in a skyscraper
if he is 480 m above the street below?

Gravitational Potential Energy

What is the P.E. of a 50-kg
person at a height of 480 m?
U = mgh = (50 kg)(9.8 m/s2)(480 m)

UU =
= 235
235 kJ
kJ
 Kinetic Energy
Kinetic Energy: Ability to do work by
virtue of motion. (Mass with velocity)

A speeding car or
a space rocket
 Kinetic Energy
Kinetic energy exists whenever an object which has
mass is in motion with some velocity. Everything you
see moving about has kinetic energy. The kinetic
energy of an object in this case is given by the
relation:
KE = (1/2)mv2
m=mass of the object
V=velocity of the object
The greater the mass or velocity of a moving object,
the more kinetic energy it has.
 Examples of Kinetic Energy
What is the kinetic energy of a 5-g bullet
traveling at 200 m/s?
5g K = mv = (0.005 kg)(200 m/s)
1
2
2 1
2
2

200 m/s KK =
= 100
100 JJ
What is the kinetic energy of a 1000-kg
car traveling at 14.1 m/s?
K = mv = (1000 kg)(14.1 m/s)
1
2
2 1
2
2

KK =
= 99.4
99.4 JJ
Mechanical energy is the
movement of machine parts.
Mechanical energy is also
the total amount of kinetic
and potential energy in a
system. Wind-up toys,
grandfather clocks, and
pogo sticks are examples of
mechanical energy. Wind
power uses mechanical Potential energy +
energy to help create Kinetic energy =
electricity.
Mechanical energy
 Power
Power is defined as the rate at which
work is done: (P = dW/dt )
Work
Work FFgg rr
Power ==
Power ==
time
time tt

mgr (10kg)(9.8m/s 2 )(20m)

P= =
t 4s
PP == 490
490J/s
J/s or
or 490
490 watts
watts (W)
(W)

Power
Power of W isis work
of 11 W work done
done at
at rate
rate of
of 11 J/s
J/s
 Units of Power
One watt (W) is work done at the rate of
one joule per second.
1 W = 1 J/s and 1 kW = 1000 W

One ft lb/s is an older (USCS) unit of power.

One horsepower is work done at the rate of

550 ft lb/s. ( 1 hp = 550 ft lb/s )
 Example of Power
What power is consumed in lifting
a 70-kg robber 1.6 m in 0.50 s?
Fh mgh
P= =
t t
2
(70 kg)(9.8 m/s )(1.6 m)
P=
0.50 s

Power
Power Consumed:
Consumed: PP =
= 2220
2220 W
W
Example 1: A 100-kg cheetah moves from
rest to 30 m/s in 4 s. What is the power?

Recognize that work is equal to

the change in kinetic energy:
Work
Work = mv mv
1
2
2
f
1
2
2
0 P=
t m = 100 kg
1
2 mv 2f (100 kg)(30 m/s) 2
1
P= = 2
t 4s

Power
Power Consumed:
Consumed: PP =
= 1.22
1.22 kW
kW
 Power and Velocity
Recall that average or constant velocity is
distance covered per unit of time v = x/t.

Fx x
P= =F PP == FFvv
t t
If power varies with time, then calculus is
needed to integrate over time. (Optional)

Since P = dW/dt: Work == PP((tt))dt

Work dt
 Example 2: What power
is required to lift a 900-kg v = 4 m/s
elevator at a constant
speed of 4 m/s?
P = F v = mg v
P = (900 kg)(9.8 m/s2)(4 m/s)

PP =
= 35.3
35.3 kW
kW
 Summary
Potential Energy: Ability to do work
by virtue of position or condition.
condition
U = mgh

Kinetic Energy: Ability to do work by

K = 12 mv 2
virtue of motion. (Mass with velocity)

The
The Work-Energy
Work-Energy Theorem:
Theorem: The The work
work done
done by
by
aa resultant
resultant force
force isis equal
equal to
to the
the change
change in
in
kinetic
kinetic energy
energy that
that itit produces.
produces.

Work
Work =
= mv
mvf2f2--
mv
mvoo22
 Summary (Cont.)
Power is defined as the rate at which P = Work
work is done: (P = dW/dt ) t

Work
Work FFgg rr
Power ==
Power == P= F v
time
time tt

Power
Power of
of 11 W
W isis work
work done
done at
at rate
rate of
of 11 J/s
J/s
Terima Kasih