Hydropower

Technology
Presented by :

FAURIZA PATIRAJAWANE
LS1627204
School No.30

Beihang University
Description
Include the installation of large-scale dam combined with a
controlled release mechanism and turbine/generator train.
Water is collected into the reservoir behind the dam.
Water then released at the toe of dam, through some
facilities and hydroelectric turbines and released to river
downstream.
The hydraulic head (height of reservoir surface above
turbines) from reservoir drives turbines and generators,
providing electricity.

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Technology Status
Today, hydropower is used in about 160 countries
worldwide.
Total installed capacity of 1060 GW (19.4% of the worlds
electric capacity) in 2011.
Generated approximately 3500 TWh per year ~ to 15.8% of
total electricity supply in more than 35 countries.
The worlds largest hydropower electricity producer is
China (generated about 700 TWh in 2010, followed by
Brazil, Canada and US). These 4 countries alone generated
half of the worlds total hydropower electricity.

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To Accelerate Hydropower
Reduce-order sliding mode for a hydropower plant
with an upstream surge tank.

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Schematic diagram of a hydropower plant with an
upstream surge tank

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Background
In governing system, control approaches are
adopted to govern the hydro-turbine speed.
Among various state-based control methods,
sliding mode control (SMC) with its discontinous
state-feedback control law provides a solution of
variable structure control.
Approach of the reduced-order SMC for a
hydropower plant with an upstream surge tank.

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Step of Experiment
Modeling the Build fuzzy inference
governing system to decrease the
chattering problem

A reduced-order
sliding mode Running simulation
controller is proposed to verify feasibility
and robustness

Build genetic
algorithm (GA) for
predefined sliding
surface

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Result and Conclusions

(a) (b)
Block diagram. (a) The original governing system; (b) The
reduced-order governing system with error.

Simplification of the reduced-order system with

error by block diagram algebra

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Result and Conclusions
A genetic algorithm (GA)-based fuzzy reduced-
order sliding mode controller to govern the
hydro-turbine speed for hydropower plant with
an upstream surge tank.
The reduced-order sliding mode governor
possesses the ability to stabilize the original
system.

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References
1. Jia, J., et al. Hydropower. Journal of Springer.

2. Chang Xu, Dianwei Qian., 2015. Governor Design for a

Hydropower Plant with an Upstream Surge Tank by GA-Based
Fuzzy Reduced-Order Sliding Mode, Journal of Energies-MDPI,
No. 13442-13457.

3. IEA-ETSAP (Energy Technology System Analysis Programme) and

IRENA (International Renewable Energy Agency,) 2015.
Hydropower-Technology Brief.

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THANK YOU . . .
Beihang University