Unit satuan di

dalam
environmental
chemistry
Kimia
Lingkungan I

Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan

Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Surabaya
2011
 LOGO
Expression of results

Part per million (ppm) = weight to

weight ratio.
Ppt = part per trilliyun
Ppb = part per billion

With SI expression ??
 LOGO
Units Conversion

There are 1,000 milligrams (mg) in 1

gram (g)
milli = 1 *10-3
milligrams per liter (mg/l) are equal to parts per million
(ppm)
There are 1,000,000 micrograms (ug)
in 1 gram
micro = 1 x 10-6
micrograms per liter (ug/l) are equal to parts per billion
(ppb)
There are a 1,000,000,000 nanograms
in 1 gram
nano = 1 x 10-9
nanograms per liter (ng/l) are equal to parts per trillion
 LOGO
A side note

milli comes from the Latin for

thousand. So how come mg/l is
called part per million? It has do to
with the fact that the term parts per
million is a weight to weight ratio.
A liter of water weights, Approximately
1,000 grams or 1,000,000 mg. Thus
one mg/l is equal to 1 ppm
 LOGO
Soal 1

Berapakah konsentrasi TCE di dalam

tanah, jika diketahui tanah tersebut
mempunyai densitas 2 g/cm3, dan
kosentrasi awal TCE yang tumpah ke
tanah adalah 4 ppm?
 LOGO
1

4 ppm = 4 g/10^6 g of soil

4/106 x 2 g/cm3 x 1000 cm3/m3

= 0.008 g/m3
 LOGO
Soal 2

Conversion unit : 1 ppb standar

pestisida alachlor dalam air dan
hexane (density = 0.66 g/mL).
Berapa konsentrasinya di masing-
masing larutan dalam mg/L?
 LOGO
Satuan lainnya

There are 3 basic ways to express

concentration: 1) percentages, 2) very low
concentrations, and 3) molar concentrations
What is the % W/W of copper in an alloy
when 10 g of Cu is mixed with 250 g of Zn?
What is approximate % V/V if 30 mL of pure
ethanol is added to 250 mL of water?
 LOGO
Solution and Concentration

Molarity(M): moles solute / Liter solution

Mass percent: (mass solute / mass of solution) *
100
Molality* (m) - moles solute / Kg solvent

Mole Fraction(A) - moles solute / total moles

solutiony
Normality (N) Gram of solute/g.eq.of solute x
volume of solution
Cont LOGO

Eq. Weight = MR/reactive capacity

Normality (N atau eq/L)

Molarity = Normality/ eq.

 LOGO
4

Molarity and molality of Cl in

seawater :

The salinity concentration in seawater is

35%o. The salinity formula S%o = 0.03+1.805 x
Cl%o. What is the molarity and molality of Cl?
(atomic number of Cl : 35.45 and density of
seawater is 1.02334 kg/L)
 LOGO
Molaritas

[Cl-] = (35-0.03)/1.805 = 19.374%o

atau 19.374 g Cl/kg seawater.
Volume dari 1 kg seawater :
1 kg/1.02334 kg/L = 0.97719 L atau
977.19 mL
Based on volume Cl-
= 19.374 g/0.97719 L= 19.826 g/L
molar
19.826/35.4 = 0.5593 M
 LOGO
Preparation of solution standard

3.5 g of CoCl2 is dissolved in 100mL

solution. Assuming the
density of the solution is 1.0 g/mL,
what is concentration of the solution in
% mass?

If 0.435 g of KMnO4 is dissolved in

enough water to give 250. mL of
solution, what is the molarity of
KMnO4? (Mr KMnO4 = 158)
Cont LOGO

Larutan H2SO4 mempunyai densitas 1.83

g/mL. Jika larutan H2SO4 mempunyai
konsentrasi 97%, berapakah molarity dan
normalitynya?
Jika 2 mL dari larutan tersebut diencerkan
dalam 250 mL aquades, berapakah molarity
dan normalitynya?
Berapa volume larutan diatas yang harus
diambil jika ingin membuat larutan 0.025 N
dalam 1 L larutan
Cont LOGO

Preparation of pottasium dichromate for

analysis of COD. In the process of
oxidizing organic material, dichromate ion,
is reduce to two chromic ion, with involves
transfer of 6 electron (makes the
reaction?). Exactly how many gram of
reagent of K2Cr2O7 must be weight out to
prepare 1 L of solution that is exactly 0.25
N K2Cr2O7 and what is the molarity ? (K =
39.1, Cr =52 and O =16)
 % Concentration: % Mass LOGO

Example

%m = 3.5 g CoCl2
%m = 3.5 g CoCl2 100g H2O
100g H2O
= 3.5% (m/m)
= 3.5% (m/m)
 LOGO
Concentration: Molarity Example
If 0.435 g of KMnO4 is dissolved in enough water to give
250. mL of solution, what is the molarity of KMnO4?

As is almost always the

case, the first step is to
convert the mass of
material to moles.

0.4350.435
g KMnO
g KMnO
4 14mol
1 mol
KMnOKMnO
4 = 40.00275
= 0.00275
mol mol
KMnO4
158.04g KMnO4
158.0 g KMnO

Now that the number of moles of substance is known, this can be

combined with the volume of solution which must be in liters
to give the molarity. Because 250. mL is equivalent to 0.250 L .

Molarity
MolarityKMnO
KMnO4 4= =0.00275
0.00275mol
molKMnO
KMnO
4 4==0.0110M
0.0110
0.250ML solution
 LOGO
H2SO4
Mr = 98
1 L larutannya : 0.97 x 1830 g/L = 1775 g/L
1775 g/L : 98 g/mol = 18.1 M
Normality = 18 M x 2 eq = 36 N

Jika 2 ml larutan tersebut, maka :

(2 mL x 0.97 x 1.83 g/L): 98 g/mol = 0.0362 moles

Maka M = 0.0362/ 250 mL x 1000 mL/L = 0.145 M

N = 0.29 N
 LOGO

0.29 x V1 = 0.025 N x 1000 mL

V1 = 86.2 mL
 LOGO
COD preparation

Mr = 294.2
Eq. wt = 294.2 /6 = 49.033 g/eq
N = 0.25 N = 0.25 eq/L

Untuk membuat 1 L larutan maka dibutuhkan

: 0.25 eq x 49.033 g/eq = 12.258 g.
Molarity = N : valensi = 0.25/6 = 0.04167 M
 LOGO
Soal 4
Suatu standart kualitas udara memiliki kriteria baku mutu
lingkungan untuk bahan pencemar karbon monoksida
(CO) sebesar 40.000 g/m3. Nyatakan nilai konsentrasi
tersebut dalam satuan ppm (volume) pada tekanan 1 atm
dan suhu 25 oC.
 LOGO
2
Pertama, tentukan nilai mol dari CO (Mr. 28)
Maka, dengan 40 mg CO = 0.04 g CO x 1/28 g CO/mol CO
= 0.00143 mol CO

Kemudian, hitung volume gas pada 1 atm dan 25 oC.

.
. . . +
= = . = .

Hitung volume gas yang dihasilkan dari 0.00143 mol CO.

0.02447 x 0.00143
0.0254 mol = 0.000035 m3, sehingga:

.

=
=


 LOGO
Soal...
Tetapan kesetimbangan untuk reaksi : A + 2 B C
adalah 0,25. Berapa jumlah mol A dalam volume 5 L yang
harus dicampur dengan 4 mol B untuk menghasilkan 1
mol C dalam kesetimbangan?
 LOGO
2
Persamaan reaksi: A + 2 B C , dengan Keq= 0,25.
A+2BC
M: x 4
B: 1 2__
S: (x-1) 2 1

Sehingga, [A] = (x-1)/5, [B] = 2/5 dan [C] = 1/5

[]
=
=
= .
. []

nilai x = 26 mol
Jadi, mol A yang ditambahkan dalam 5 L adalah 26 mol.