THEORY

OF
CARBURETION
Prof. K. K. SHARMA
Prof. K. K. Sharma
 THEORY OF CARBURETION
DEFINITION:-
The process of formation of a
combustible fuel-air mixture by
mixing the proper amount of fuel
with air before admission to engine
cylinder (combustion chamber) is
called carburetion and device which
does this job is called carburetor.
Prof. K. K. Sharma
FACTORS AFFECTING CARBURETION
1) The engine speed
2) The vaporization characteristics
of the fuel
3) The temperature of the incoming
air
4) The design of the carburetor.

Prof. K. K. Sharma
 PRINCIPLE OF CARBURETION
As the piston moves
down a partial vacuum
is created in the
cylinder
Atmospheric press
pushes air through the
carburetor air intake to
equalize this pressure
The air speed
increases in the venturi.

Prof. K. K. Sharma
 What is Venturi ?
It is a tube of decreasing cross
section with a minimum area at the
throat.
It is also known as Choke tube.

Prof. K. K. Sharma
 PRINCIPLE OF CARBURETION
As the air speed
increases the pressure is
lowered.
Because the pressure is
lowered fuel bowl pushes
fuel through the pipe to the
venturi and into the air
stream
The speed of the air in
the venturi and the
turbulence atomize the fuel
and mix the tiny droplets
with air. Prof. K. K. Sharma
 PRINCIPLE OF CARBURETION
A butterfly (throttle)
valve in the manifold
controls the fuel air
mixture
If you want your
engine to run fast open
yourbutterfly(throttle)
valve, the more fuel
and air that gets
delivered the faster it
will run. Prof. K. K. Sharma
 PRINCIPLE OF CARBURETION
A Choke valve is used
to aid in cold starts.
It helps provide a better
vaporization of
the fuelair and it
provides more fuel-air
(a richer mixture)
The choke valve is
similar to the butterfly
except it is placed on the
air-intake side of the
carburetor.
Prof. K. K. Sharma
 PRINCIPLE OF CARBURETION
When the choke is
closed air entering is
restricted.
The pressure inside
the carb. & cylinder is
further reduced and
this increases the
vaporization of the
fuel.

Prof. K. K. Sharma
PRINCIPLE OF CARBURETION

Prof. K. K. Sharma
 Prof. K. K. Sharma
 TYPES OF CARBURETORS
1) UPDRAUGHT CARBURETOR
2) DOWNDRAUGHT CARBURETOR
3) CROSS-DRAUGHT CARBURETOR
4) SIMPLE CARBURETOR
5) SOLEX CARBURETOR
6) CARTER CARBURETOR
7) S. U. CARBURETOR

Prof. K. K. Sharma
 1) UPDRAUGHT CARBURETOR
In this type of carburetor air enters at the
bottom and leaves at the top so that the
direction of its flow is upwards.

Prof. K. K. Sharma
2) DOWNDRAUGHT CARBURETOR
In this type of carburetor air enters at the
top and leaves at the bottom so that the
direction of its flow is downwards.

Prof. K. K. Sharma
3) CROSS-DRAUGHT CARBURETOR
In this type of carburetor air enters from
the left side and leaves from the right side
so that the direction of its flow is towards
right side.

Prof. K. K. Sharma
4) SIMPLE CARBURETOR

Prof. K. K. Sharma
Fuel strainer
It consist of fine wire mesh,
any other type of filtering
device
Removable
Function:- To prevent possible
blockage of nozzle by dust
particles.
Float chamber
To maintain the level of fuel in
carburetor

Prof. K. K. Sharma
Main Metering and Idling system:-

Prof. K. K. Sharma
 Main Metering And Idling System:-
It consist of three principal units:-
1) The fuel metering orifice

2) Main discharge nozzle

3) Passage leading
to the idling
system.
Prof. K. K. Sharma
Main Metering And Idling System:-
The following are the three functions of
this system:-
1) To proportion the fuel-air mixture
2) To decrease the pressure at the discharge
nozzle exit.
3) To limit the air flow at full throttle

Prof. K. K. Sharma
Main Metering and Idling system:-

Prof. K. K. Sharma
Main Metering And Idling System:-
A:F of about 12:1 is required for idling.
Idling system is operational when engine is
running at very low speed.
And it is non-operational when throttle is
opened beyond 15% to 20%.

Prof. K. K. Sharma
Solex Carburetor:-

Prof. K. K. Sharma
 Any
Questions?