Presentation on

Electrical Substation

SUBMITTED TO : SUBMITTED BY:

FACULTY OF Rahul Sikka
EEE DEPARTMENT 1141850
B.TECH. EEE 5th SEM
 INTRODUCTION OF G.N.D.T.P.

It is a medium power station with four units that were

begun to built in early 1970s and completed in 1982.

All total generate up to 440 MW of power.

Each unit generate up to110 MW of power.

G.N.D.T.P. is a coal-based plant.

The requirement of coal for four units based on specific

fuel consumption of 0.60 kg / kwh.
 KEY DIAGRAM OF 220/132 K.V.
SUBSTAION G.N.D.T.P. BHATINDA.
 ELECTRIC SUBSTATION
A Substation is a part is of an electrical
generation, transmission and distribution
system.

Substation transform voltage from high to low,

or the reverse, or perform any of several other
important function
 CHARCTERISTICS OF SUBSTATION
Voltage Step Up / Down

Rectification from A.C. to D.C.

Frequency

Power Factor
 ELEMENTS OF SUBSTATION
Power Transformer
Relay
Bus-bar
Lighting Arrestor
Circuit breaker
Capacitor bank
D.C. battery room
Insulator
Power line carrier communication
Current transformer
Potential transformer
Power factor
Isolator
REQUIREMENT OF GOOD SUBSTATION
The Circuit should be so designed that failure chances become
small.

It should be possible that in case of fault, only faulty section is

isolated and other section should work normally.

It should be easy to Inspect and maintain each & every equipment

component.

Reactors may be used to limit short circuit current.

Power Cables should be isolated from Central Cables.

The Sub-Station should be kept neat & clean.

 POWER TRANSFORMER
It is a static device which transfer A.C. electric
power from one circuit to other circuit at the
same frequency.

it is used to step-up or step-down the voltage.

At all the Sub-station except at the generating

station, step down transformer are employed.
 Main parts of a power transformer

Bushings
Conservator tank
Breather
Oil tank
Core
Primary turn
secondary turns
 Testing of power transformer
TTR
Short circuit
Open circuit
Magnetic Balance
Charging Current
 Protection of power transformer

Buchholz Relay
 Relays
A Relay is a device which detects the fault and supplies
information to the circuit breaker for circuit interruption.
According to Its Application Relays Are:-
Over voltage & Over current relay.
Under voltage relay.
Directional Current relay.
Differential Relay.
Distance Relay
Over current & earth fault relay.
POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION
 Equipment used in PLC

Wave Trap
Coupling Capacitor
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
 Main parts of current transformer

Primary winding
Secondary winding
 Applications of current transformer

For Measurement
For Protection
ISOLATOR
 INSULATORS

Types of Insulator

Pin Insulator
Suspension Insulator
Strain Insulator
Shackle Insulator
Egg Insulator
 BUS BAR

Indoor Bus Bar

Outdoor Bus Bar
 Bus Bar Arrangement

Single Bus Bar

Double Bus Bar
 CIRCUIT BREAKER

Types of circuit breaker

Vacuum circuit Breaker

Sulphur Hexafluoride circuit Breaker
Air-Blast circuit Breaker
Oil Circuit Breaker
SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
 Main parts of Potential transformer

Transformer core
Primary turns
Secondary turns
 Applications of P.T

P.T for protection

P.T for measurement
LIGHTING ARRESTER
 Application of lighting Arrester

For Transformer protection

For Bus Bar protection
BATTERY ROOM
CAPACITOR BANK
 POWER FACTOR
Power factor may be cosine the angle
between voltage and current in an A.C.
system.

Types of power factor:-

Unity power factor:-
Lagging power factor:-
Leading power factor:-
 CAUSE OF LOW POWER FACTOR
Transformers and electrodes are the inductive
loads which the causes the current to lag behind
the voltage, they operate at a legging power
factor.

The motor which we use in our industry are

mainly induction motors having an inductive
loads. Which causes low power factor.

Arc camps, heating furnaces also operate at low

power factor
 POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT
Synchronous condenser
Capacitor bank
Thank you