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ASME B31.

3
PIPING ASME B31.3
Content

1. Scope and Definitions


2. Exclusions
3. Fittings, Bends, Miter, Laps, Branch Connections.
4. Piping Support
5. Type of piping joints
1. Welded
2. Flanged
3. Threaded
4. Expanded
6. Valves
7. Welding Qualification
1. WPS,PQR, WPQ & Welding Material.
8. Inspection, Examination and Testing
SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS
Scope:

Prescribed requirements for the material, design, fabrication assembly,


erection, examination, inspection and testing of piping.

In B31.3 applies to piping for all fluids including:


Raw, intermediate and finished chemicals
Petroleum products
Gas, steam, air and water
Fluidized solids
Refrigerants and
Cryogenic fluids.
SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS
Definition:

Category D Fluid Service: A fluid service in which all the following apply:
The fluid handled is non flammable, nontoxic and not damaging to
human tissues as defined.
The design gage pressure does not exceed 1035 kPa (150 psi)
The design temperature is from -29 C (-20 F) through 186 C (366 F)
SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS
Definition:
Category M Fluid Service: A fluid service in which the potential for
personnel exposure is judged to be significant and in which a single
exposure to a very small quantity of a toxic fluid, caused by leakage, can
produce serious irreversible harm to persons on breathing or bodily contact,
even when prompt restorative measure are taken
High Pressure Fluid Service: A fluid service for which the owner specified
the use of chapter IX for piping design and construction.
Normal Fluid Service: A fluid service pertaining to most piping covered by
this code i.e., not subject to the rules for Category D, Category M, elevated
temperature, or High Pressure Fluid Service.
EXCLUSION
Internal gage pressure at or above zero but less than 15 psi provided the
fluid handled in non flammable, nontoxic and not damaging to human tissue
as defined and its design temperature is from -29 C (-20 F) through 186 C
(366 F).
Power boilers in accordance with BPV Code Section I and other boiler
external piping which is required to conform to B31.1.
Tubes, tube headers, crossovers and manifolds of fired heaters, which are
internal to heater enclosure.
Pressure vessels, heat exchangers, pumps, compressors and other fluid
handling or processing equipment, including internal piping and
connections for external piping.
FITTINGS, BENDS, MITER, LAPS, BRANCH
CONNECTIONS
Miter: Two or more straight sections of pipe matched and joined in a
plane bisecting the angle of junction so as to produce a change in
direction.
Miter Bends for service cyclic conditions: A miter bend to be used
under severe cyclic conditions shall be made in accordance, welded and
shall have angle < = 22.5 deg.

Fabricated or Flared Laps: A fabricated lap is suitable for use in Normal


Fluid Service, provided that all the following requirements are met
Shall be within the dimensional tolerances
The lap thickness shall be at least equal to the nominal wall thickness
of the pipe
The lap material shall have an allowable stress at least as great as
that of the pipe

Branch connection fitting: An internal reinforced fitting welded to run


pipe and connected to a branch pipe by a butt welding, socket welding,
threaded or flanged joints, etc.
PIPING SUPPORT
Types of Piping Support

Spring support
Flange support
Dummy support
Shoe
Anchor
Guide
Pick-up
PIPING JOINTS
Type of piping joints

Welded
Flanged
Threaded
Expanded
VALVES
Function of Valves
Isolation
Regulation
Non-Return
Multi Purpose

Classification of valves based on operation


Self operated valves
Manually operated valves
Self operated valves are check valves and all other valves are manually

Classification of valves based on end connections


Screwed End
Socket end
Butt End
Water type end
Butress end
VALVES
Type of Valves

Diaphragm
These forms of diaphragm valve are popular for regulating the flow of
slurries and corrosive fluids and for vacuum.

Safety relief valve


Relieves excess pressure of either gas/liquid which may suddenly develop
a vapour phase due to rapid and controlled heating from chemical reaction
in liquid ladle vessel.

Butterfly valve
Used for liquids , slurries, powders & vacuum. The usual resident plastic
state has a temperature limitation but tight closure at high temperature.

Check Valves
Designed to permit flow of liquid/gas in a one direction and close if flow
reserves.
VALVES
Type of Valves

Gate Valve
Use for water , gas, steam, slurries line suitable for throttling and full flow
use.

Globe Valve
Use for regulating flow should be free from seat stem side, assist closure & to
prevent the disc chattering against the seat in the throttling position.

Control Valve
Its usually chosen to be smaller than line size to avoid throttling & rapid wear
of the seat.
VALVES
Valve Inspection checklist during installation

1. Valve type corrects at the location


2. Valve test certificate
3. Valve tag as per P&ID
4. Valve direction of flow as per P&ID
5. Gasket bolts as per isometric & type
6. Handle direction
7. Chain wheel installed
8. Valve flange face condition
FLANGES
Types of flanges

Flat face
Raised face
Tongue and groove
Male and female
Ring type joint
FLANGES
Classification of Flanges:

Slip on welding on both sides


Socket- welding on one side
Threaded- welding isnt carried
Lap joint- stub end
Neck welding- critical use welding neck
Blind- block the line for future use
Reducing
Integral

Flanges ratings are based upon temperature and pressure as


150#,300#,400#,600#,900#,1500#,2500#
FLANGES
Activities to be checked during flange alignment fit-up

Misalignment
Flange face
Rotation of flange ( + or 2.4mm )
Tilt of flange ( shall not exceed 1.6mm from the square position )
Flange face thickness(+ or 1.6mm)
Combination of vertical, horizontal & rotational offset + or 3.2mm)
Except in internally coated pipe each string shall be gauged by passing &
internal gauging plate of not less than 90% of inside dia for pipe size
smaller than 20 inch & 93% for pipe size 20 inch & larger
GASKETS
Type of Gaskets

Full face (Asbestos)


Spiral wound metallic
Ring type
Metal jacketed
Inside bolt circle

Material for Gasket: Compressed asbestos fiber


high temperature application: Spiral wound mettaic gasket
PIPE FITTINGS
Pipe fitting classification based on end condition

Socket weld end


Screw end fittings
Bevel end or butt weld fittings
Buttress end fittings
Flanged end fittings

Weldolet and Sockolet are basically self-reinforced fittings.


Weldolet is used for Butt weld branch connection where standard tee
is not available due to size restrictions and the piping is of critical /
high-pressure service.
Sockolet is used for socket welding branch connection, which require
reinforcing pad.
WELDING QUALIFICATION
Procedure Qualification by Others:

In order to avoid duplication of effort and subject to the approval of the


owner, WPSs qualified by a technically competent group or agency may
be used provided the following are met:

a) The procedure meet the requirements of Section IX and any


additional qualification requirements of this Code.

b) The employer has qualified at least one welder or operator following


each WPS.

c) The employers business name shall be shown on each WPS and on


each qualification record. In addition, qualification records shall be
signed and dated by the employer, thereby accepting responsibility
for the qualifications performed by others.
WELDING QUALIFICATION
Performance Qualification by Others:

In order to avoid duplication of effort, an employer may accept a


performance qualification made for another employer, provided that the
Inspector specifically approves.

In order to avoid duplication of effort and subject to the approval of the


owner, an employer may accept the performance qualification of a
welder or operator made by a previous employer. This acceptance is
limited to performance qualification that were made on pipe or tube test
coupons. The new employer shall have the WPS that was followed
during qualification or an equivalent WPS that is within the limits of the
essential variable set forth in Section IX.
WELDING QUALIFICATION
Performance Qualification by Others:

An employer accepting such qualification tests shall obtain a copy of the


performance qualification test records from the previous employer. The
record shall show the name of the employer by whom the welder or
operator was qualified and the date of the qualification.

Qualification Records:
The employer shall maintain copies of the procedure and performance
qualification records specified by Section IX that shall be available to the
Inspector at the location where welding is being done.
WELDING QUALIFICATION
Welding Materials:

Filler metal: shall conform to ASME, Section II Part C. Other electrode


or filler metal may be used if procedure qualified.

Weld Backing Material

Consumable Inserts
INSPECTION, EXAMINATION AND TESTING

Inspection:
Inspection applies to function performed for the owner by the owners
inspector or the inspectors delegates. Reference in B31.3 to the
Inspector are to the owners inspector or the Inspectors delegates.
INSPECTION, EXAMINATION AND TESTING
Examination:
Examination applies to quality control function performed by the
manufacturer (for components only), fabricator or erector. Examiner
refers to a person who performs quality control examinations.

Types of Examination:
Visual Examination
Magnetic Particle Examination
Liquid Penetrant Examination
Radiographic Examination
Ultrasonic Examination
INSPECTION, EXAMINATION AND TESTING
Testing types:

Hydrostatic Leak Test


Pneumatic Leak Test
Hydrostatic Pneumatic Leak Test
Sensitive Leak Test
Alternative Leak Test
PIPING
Punch List:

List of unfinished / unmatched items according to drawing & specification


before hydrotest

Punch list for hydro test:

1. All hot work shall be completed


2. Strainers shall be removed
3. All NDT & DT completion
4. PWHT completion
5. Adequate attachment
6. Coating on weld joint shall be removed.
7. Calibration of equipments used. Test blind MTC.
8. Test certificates of testing fluid
9. Components in new piping systems which interfere with filling, venting,
draining or flushing shall not be installed.(orifice plates, flow nozzles, sight
glasses)
PIPING
Punch list for hydro test:

10. All joints (flange, threaded, welded or mechanical seals) are left exposed
for visual leak detection during the strength test.
11. All permanent flange joints were inspected, gasket mat'l verified &
properly torqued.
12. Drains shall be provided at all low points of the piping system.
13. Vents and drain valves, both temporary and permanent,conforms with the
piping class or rating.
14. Supports are installed. Additional temporary support may be installed as
required.
15. Expansion joints and spring hangers or spring supports are provided with
temporary restraints.
16. Arc strikes, gouges, and other indications of careless workmanship (such
as surface porosity, uneven weld profiles, and undercut) shall be removed by
grinding and inspected by magnetic particle or liquid penetrant method.
17. Drains are provided immediately above check valves (vertical lines)
PIPING
Punch list for hydro test:

18. All threaded joints up to the first block valve ofhydrocarbon pipeline are
seal welded. Thread engagement has been verified & accepted.
19. The pressure testing manifold is separately pressure tested to at least 1.2
times the system test pressure but not less than the discharge pressure of the
pump used for the pressure testing.
20. Line compliance with Isometrics:
i. Correct Materials utilized grade/schedule (Bill of Mat'ls)
ii. Correct flange and fittings rating
iii. Construction tolerances per SAES-L-350
Piping
Duties of Piping Inspector

Material receiving inspection


Storage & preservation
Cutting, assembly & fit-up
Pre-welding inspection
Visual inspection of socket & threaded joints
Pneumatic test for reinforcing pad
Visual inspection of completed spools
Piping pre-inspection & spool erection
Pipe support inspection
Valve installation
Pickling & Passivation
Piping flange joint inspection
Hydro testing
Reporting
THANK YOU

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