CHOPPED BASALT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE

A REVIEW

P.RAMARAO
14071D2010
M.Tech. (Structural Engineering)
Under the Guidance of
Smt. M.JYOTHI
Assistant Professor

VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering & Technology

Department of Civil Engineering.

M.Tech.(S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 1
 CONTENTS

Abstract

Introduction

Literature review

Conclusions

References

M.Tech.(S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 2
 ABSTRACT

Since the last few decades world has seen a tremendous increase in usage of
fiber as a reinforcements in concrete structures. Among the various types of fibers
available Basalt has a promising future as it is eco friendly (i.e. obtained naturally and
biodegradable) and economical. Basalt fiber is a high performance non-metallic fiber
made from basalt rock melted at high temperature, It has great strength
characteristics, good thermal resistance and high resistance to an alkaline
environment, making it an excellent material for reinforcing concrete. The Basalt
reinforced concrete was reviewed for its mechanical properties (Compressive
strength, Tensile strength, Flexural strength, Abrasion Resistance, Shrinkage and
Workability), Thermal Conductivity and Resistance to Chemical attacks.

M.Tech (S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 3

 INTRODUCTION

Concrete is a composite material composed mainly of cement, aggregates and water.

Often, additives and reinforcements are included in the mixture to achieve the desired physical
properties of the finished material.

In general, the addition of fiber to the concrete mix can significantly improve the engineering
properties of the concrete such as tensile, flexural, impact, fatigue and abrasion strength,
deformation capability, toughness and load bearing capacity after cracking.

With high ductility and sufficient durability, fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) is widely used.

In more recent times, different types of fibers such as asbestos, cellulose, steel, polypropylene,
glass and basalt have been used to reinforce cement products.

M.Tech.(S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 4
 INTRODUCTION

Basalt

Basalt is the most common rock type in the earths crust. Basaltic magma is commonly produced
by melting the earths mantle, the region of the earth below the outer crust. Ocean floor is mostly
made of basalt.

Most of the basalt found on Earth was produced in just three rock-forming environments:
1) Oceanic divergent boundaries 2) Oceanic hotspots, and 3) Mantle plumes and hotspots
beneath continents.
Basalt fibres are manufactured by using Basalt rock as raw material by different techniques.

The manufacture of basalt fiber requires the melting of the quarried basalt rock at about 1,400
C (2,550 F). The molten rock is then extruded through small nozzles to produce continuous
filaments of basalt fiber.

M.Tech.(S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 5
 INTRODUCTION

Basalt fiber is a relative newcomer to fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) and structural
composites. It has a similar chemical composition as glass fiber but has better strength
characteristics, and unlike most glass fibers is highly resistant to alkaline, acidic and salt
attack making it a good candidate for concrete, bridge and shoreline structures.

Fig : Chopped basalt fibres

M.Tech.(S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 6
 INTRODUCTION

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BASALT

0.28% SiO2
1.38%
0.16%
1.46% Al2O3
3.34% 0.06%
Fe2O3
8.59% MgO
4.60%
CaO
10.30% Na2O
52.80%
K2O
17.50% TiO2
P2O3
MnO
Cr2O3

M.Tech.(S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 7
 INTRODUCTION
PROPERTY Value

filament diameter(m) 7 - 15

density (kg/m3)0C 2650

Elastic modulus (kg/mm2)0C 10000 - 11000

Tensile strength MPa 4150 - 4800

Elongation at break 3.15%

M.Tech.(S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 8
 INTRODUCTION

Density Tensile Specific Elastic Specific

Material (g/cm) strength strength modulus modulus
(GPa) (GPa)

Steel fiber 7.85 0.5 0.0667 210 26.7

Glass fiber 2.60 3.45 1.33 76 29.2

Quartz 2.2 0.3438 0.156 - -

Carbon fiber 1.80 6.21 3.45 297 165

Polypropylene 0.91 0.27-0.65 0.2970.714 38 41.7

Basalt fiber 2.65 4.154.80 1.571.81 100110 37.741.5

COMPARISION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BASALT FIBRE WITH OTHER FIBRES

M.Tech.(S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 9
 INTRODUCTION

ADVANTAGES OF BASALT FIBRES

High chemical resistance, thermal resistance and low flammability.

Relatively high mechanical strength, abrasion resistance and elasticity.

Low degradation of strength at temperatures as high as 9000 F.

Tensile strength greater than same size steel mesh.

High thermal and acoustic insulation properties.

Excellent adhesion to polymer resins and rubbers.

High electrical insulating properties.

Renewable alternative to metal building materials.

Ecologically clean and non-toxic to the end user.

M.Tech.(S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 10
 INTRODUCTION

APPLICATIONS OF BASALT FIBER

Civil Construction and Concrete Reinforcements

Nuclear Power Engineering

Fire protection

High pressure vessels

Shipbuilding

Hydraulic engineering construction

Industrial Applications

Hot Gas Filtration

M.Tech.(S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 11
 LITERATURE REVIEW
EFFECT OF BASALT FIBER LENGTHS AND PROPORTIONS ON THE
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
SAMI ELSHAFIE,GARETH WHITTLESTON
Workability of concrete decreases as the content of basalt fiber increases
As the fiber content increase the compressive strength of concrete decreases upto certain limit of fiber content on
further increase compressive strength shows no significant improvement
The tensile strength of concrete increases as the length of basalt fiber used in the mixture increases
Increase in both length and content of basalt fiber increase the flexural strength ,elastic modulus and crack resistance
of concrete

M.Tech.(S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 12
 LITERATURE REVIEW
PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE INCORPORATING FLY ASH AND BASALT FIBERS
ABHITHA A.M, LIJI ANNA MATHEW

In this study performance of concrete with the inclusion of 0.1%.0.15%,0.3% and 0.45%
Chopped basalt fber along with 35 % cement replaced with fly ash is investigated
Compressive strength of fly ash concrete was less compared to conventional concrete but
long term strength was comparable
Upto 0.3%baslat content split tensile and flexural strengths increased.
At 0.45% basalt content,compressive,split tensile and flexuaral strengths decreased due to
difficulty in dispersion of fiber

Addition of basalt fibers accelerates the strength gain compensating the reduvtion in early
strength

M.Tech.(S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 13
 LITERATURE REVIEW
ABRASION RESISTANCE AND FRATURE ENERGY OF CONCRETES WITH
BASALT FIBER
N. Kabay
In this study, the effect of basalt fiber (BF) on physical and mechanical properties of concretes is reported.
High strength (60 Mpa) and normal strength (40 Mpa) concretes were cast by adjusting water to cement
ratios as 0.45 and 0.60 and a total of ten mixtures were prepared by different volume fractions (0.07 and
0.14%) and different sizes (12mm and 24 mm) of Basalt Fiber.

Experimental results have shown that the addition of Basalt Fiber provides significant contributions to
concretes in terms of flexural strength, fracture energy and abrasion resistance.

An increase in Flexural strength up to 9% and 13% btained with the use of Basalt Fiber, even at low
contents, when compared to the reference concretes.

The fracture energy was more remarkably increased with the use of Basalt Fiber, where the maximum
increase was observed as 126% and 140% respectively, when compared to the reference concretes.

M.Tech.(S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 14
 LITERATURE REVIEW
.-IMPROVING THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED CONCRETE AGGREGATE USING
CHOPPED BASALT FIBERS AND ACID TREATMENT

HASAN KATKHUDA, NASIM SHATARAT

In this study, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF recycled concrete aggregate produced by adding chopped basalt fibers with
contents of 0.1%,0.3%,0.5%,1% and 1.5% by total volume of the mix are studied

The recycled aggregates used in this study were surface treated by soaking them in hydrocloric acid for 24 hours.

The workability of treated recycled concrete aggregate was better than untreated recycled concrete aggregate

The optimum compressive strength was obtained with 1% basalt fiber content.

Increase in the content of basalt fiber increased splitting tensile strength and flexural strengh for both treated and untreated
recycled concrete aggregate .

Use of untreated recycled concrete aggregate reduced compressive ,splitting tensile and flexural strength of concrete.

M.Tech.(S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 15
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Chaohua Jiang, Ke Fan, Fei Wu, Da Chen EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND
MICROSTRUCTURE OF CHOPPED BASALT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE

In this study, the effects of the volume fraction (0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% of the total volume of the mix) and length
of basalt fiber (BF) (12mm, 22mm) on the mechanical properties of FRC were analyzed.

Addition of basalt fiber to the concrete decreased the workability

COMPARED WITH THE STRENGHTS OF PLAIN CONCRETE THE COMPRESSIVE,SPLITTING TENSILE AND
FLEXURAL STRENGHTHS OF CONCRETE REINFORCED WITH 12 MM LONG BASAALT FIBER INCREASED BY
4.68%,24.34% AND 9.58% RESPECTIVELY

COMPARED WITH THE STRENGHTS OF PLAIN CONCRETE THE COMPRESSIVE,SPLITTING TENSILE AND
FLEXURAL STRENGHTHS OF CONCRETE REINFORCED WITH 22 MM LONG BASAALT FIBER INCREASED BY
5.72%,25.5% AND 10.37% RESPECTIVELY

M.Tech.(S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 16
 LITERATURE REVIEW

Ranjitsinh K. Patil, D. B. Kulkarni -COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFECT OF BASALT, GLASS AND STEEL
FIBER ON COMPRESSIVE AND FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

In this research comparative study on effect of basalt, glass and steel fiber on compressive and flexural strength of M40
grade concrete is done.

The fibers were placed in concrete randomly by (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%) of its total volume of concrete.

As per results compressive strength and flexural strength is increased up to 0.5% and then slightly decreased. So the
maximum compressive strength is obtained at 0.5% for every fiber and among these three fibers, Basalt fiber has got
maximum compressive and flexural strength.

M.Tech.(S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 17
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Tushar H. Kaswala, Satyen D. Ramani EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF
BASALT FIBRE CONCRETE

This research work is done to examine the effect of basalt fibre incorporation with discrete percentages such as 0%, 0.25%,
0.40% and 0.55% by weight of cement for the grade of M-25 concrete. The optimum dosage of basalt fibre concrete is carried
out amongst the taken various percentages.

The 0.4% of fibre addition shows the highest compressive strength at every age than the other fiber proportions amongst
taken.

The flexural strength for the concrete with fibre shows good increment in the strength rather than the strength of concrete
without the use of fibres. As per the results, the flexural strength was increased as per the increased percentage of fibres.

The split tensile strength increases as per the increment of fibres. The addition of 0.55% fibres gives the highest tensile
strength amongst the taken percentages.

M.Tech.(S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 18
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Tumadhir M., Borhan THERMAL AND MECHANICALPROPERTIES OF BASALT FIBRE REINFORCED
CONCRETE

In this study, the thermal and mechanical properties of basalt fibre reinforced concrete were investigated. The volume
fractions of basalt fibre of (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5% by total mix volume) were used. Properties such as heat transfer,
compressive and splitting tensile strengths were examined.

The slump of concrete decreases with increasing the volume fraction of basalt fibre

It is observed,a slight increase in the splitting tensile strength with increase in the volume fraction of fibre till 0.3% and
then it decreases with 0.5% basalt fibre.

The compressive strength increases with increase the fibre content till 0.3% then there is a slight reduction of 12% when
0.5% fibre was used. The modulus of elasticity shows the trend of the strengths results.

M.Tech.(S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 19
 LITERATURE REVIEW

INVESTIGATING THE PERFORMANCE OF PVA AND BASALT

FIBER REINFORCED BEAMS SUBJECTED TO FLEXURAL
ACTION
Sadaqat Ullah Khan
In this paper fibre reinforced concrete was made of three different binders, the first binder type was 100%
cement, the other two types were blended cement system containing a part of 10% silica fume or
metakaolin with 90% cement. For each the three binder system; 7 beams of the size 100x200x1500 mm
were cast, the first beam known as control beam contained no fibres. The remaining 6 beams were cast
using FRC containing a volume fraction of 1%, 2% and 3% PVA and basalt fibres, respectively.

Experimental results showed that the addition of PVA fibres significantly improved the post-cracking
flexural response compared to that of the basalt fibres. Beams with 3% PVA fibre volume showed
deflection-hardening behavior with an improvement in post-cracking flexural strength. It means that the
addition of high volume content of PVA fibres made the beams more tough and ductile. Whereas,
deflection-softening behavior was observed in case of beams containing higher volume of basalt fibres.

M.Tech.(S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 20
 CONCLUSIONS

CONCLUSIONS:
The split tensile strength of concrete was increased significantly with increase in fibre
content up to 2%. It is increased in the range of 14.62%, 31.58%, and 28.57% for MC1,
MC2 and MC3 respectively. The loss of strength due to heat treatment is decreases with
increase in fibre content up to 2% and then slightly increased for 3% fibres. The minimum
loss of strength observed at 2% of fibres.
The flexural strength of concrete increased continuously with increase in fibre content.
Compared to normal concrete the flexural strength increases as 5.05%, 28.57% and
28.97% for MC1, MC2 and MC3 mixes respectively. The minimum loss of strength due to
heat treatment was observed at 2% fibres.
.

M.Tech.(S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 21
 REFERENCES
Tehmina Ayub, Nasir Shafiq, M. Fadhil Nuruddin Mechanical properties of high-performance concrete
reinforced with basalt fibers procedia engineering 77 (2014 ) 131 139.
Chaohua Jiang, Ke Fan, Fei Wu, Da Chen (2014) Mechanical properties and microstructure of chopped
basalt fibre reinforced concrete materials and design 58 (2014) 187193.
Ranjitsinh K. Patil, D. B. Kulkarni Comparative study of effect of basalt, glass and steel fiber on
compressive and flexural strength of concrete IJRET eissn: 2319-1163 | pissn: 2321-7308.
G. Campione, L. La Mendola, A. Monaco, A. Valenza, V. Fiore Behavior in compression of concrete
cylinders externally wrapped with basalt fibers Composites: Part B 69 (2015) 576586.
Ali Elheber Ahmed, Elshekh, Nasir Shafiq, Muhd Fadhil Nuruddin An experimental study on the
effectiveness of chopped basalt fiber on the fresh and hardened properties of high strength concrete
Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 7(16): 3304-3311, 2014 ISSN: 2040-
7459; e-ISSN: 2040-7467.
Tumadhir M., Borhan Thermal and mechanical properties of basalt fibre reinforced concrete
International Journal of Civil, Environmental, Structural, Construction and Architectural Engineering
Vol:7 No:4, 2013.
M.Tech.(S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 22
 REFERENCES

Tehmina Ayub, Nasir Shafiq, M. Fadhil Nuruddin Mechanical properties of high-performance

concrete reinforced with basalt fibers procedia engineering 77 (2014 ) 131 139.

Chaohua Jiang, Ke Fan, Fei Wu, Da Chen (2014) Mechanical properties and microstructure
of chopped basalt fibre reinforced concrete materials and design 58 (2014) 187193.

Ranjitsinh K. Patil, D. B. Kulkarni Comparative study of effect of basalt, glass and steel fiber
on compressive and flexural strength of concrete IJRET eissn: 2319-1163 | pissn: 2321-7308.

G. Campione, L. La Mendola, A. Monaco, A. Valenza, V. Fiore Behavior in compression of

concrete cylinders externally wrapped with basalt fibers Composites: Part B 69 (2015) 576
586.

Ali Elheber Ahmed, Elshekh, Nasir Shafiq, Muhd Fadhil Nuruddin An experimental study on
the effectiveness of chopped basalt fiber on the fresh and hardened properties of high strength
concrete Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 7(16): 3304-
3311, 2014 ISSN: 2040-7459; e-ISSN: 2040-7467.

M.Tech.(S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 23
 REFERENCES

Nihat Kabay Abrasion resistance and fracture energy of concretes with basalt fiber
Construction and Building Materials 50 (2014) 95101.

Jian-jun Li, Zhi-ming Zhao Study on mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced
concrete 5th International Conference on Environment, Materials, Chemistry and Power
Electronics (EMCPE 2016).

Tushar H. Kaswala, Satyen D. Ramani Experimental investigation on mechanical properties

of basalt fibre concrete IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development.
Vol. 3, Issue 03, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613.

Nikolajs Toropovs, Diana Bajare, Genadijs Shakhmenko (2013) Effect Of Thermal Treatment
On Properties Of High Strength Concrete . The International Conference civil engineering`13
Proceedings Part I Construction and materials.

M.Tech.(S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 24
 REFERENCES

V.A. Gurieva, T.C. Belova structural features of the cement-sand mortar reinforced with a modified
basalt microfiber Procedia Engineering 150 ( 2016 ) 2163 2167.

Parvez Imraan Ansari, Rajiv Chandak Effect of basalt fibre on portland pozzolana cement concrete
International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Development Issue 5, Vol. 3 (April.-May.
2015) ISSN 2249-6149.

Lapko, Urbaski (2014 Experimental and theoretical analysis of deflections of concrete

beams reinforced with basalt rebar Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Volume
15, Issue 1, January 2015, Pages 223-230.

Fathima Irine I .A Strength aspects of basalt fiber reinforced concrete International

Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163 Volume
1 Issue 8 (September 2014).

M.Tech.(S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 25
 Thank you

M.Tech.(S.E),PROJECT PRESENTATION 26