POLIOMYELITIS

VACCINATION

-A.RATHI PRIYA
 ERADICATION POSSIBLE!
BECAUSE
Affects only man.
Life long immunity.
Safe vaccines available.
Human is the only reservoir.
No long term carrier state.
PPI program
 TYPES
ORAL POLIO VACCINE or SABIN
INJECTABLE POLIO VACCINE or SALK
 OPV
cell cultures of live attenuated
Poliovirus types 1,2,3.

2 drops

Monovalent vaccine(type 1)

Take of the vaccine

 MULTIPLE DOSES WOULD SUFFICE!

At birth
6 weeks
10 weeks
14weeks
15th-18th month
5 years
 Stability of the vaccine
Magnesium chloride
Room temp.---1-3days
4-8 c--- 3-4months(stabilized)
2-8 C---6 months
-20 c---1-2years(non-stabilized)
Vaccine vial monitor.
 CRITERIA TO BE OPV
Should not be neurovirulent.

Should not acquire neurovirulence.

Should induce local intestinal immunity.

Should possess stable markers.

 ADVANTAGEs OF OPV
HUMORAL IMMUNITY

LOCAL INTESTINAL IMMUNITY(Ig A IN

INTESTINAL MUCOSAL CELLS)

HERD IMMUNITY
CONTRAINDICATIONS
LEUKAEMIA
MALIGNANCY
HIV
 RISK OF OPV
VAPP(Vaccine Associated Paralytic Polio)
VDPV(Vaccine Derived Polio Virus)

Three types:
i VDPV(immunodeficient)
c VDPV(circulating)
a VDPV(ambiguous)
 INJECTABLE POLIO VACCINE

Formaldehyde killed and purified polio

grown in monkey kidney or human diploid cell
culture.

40-8-32 DANTIGEN CONTENT

O.5ml(IM.)

Enhanced IPV(eIPV)
 3 DOSES WOULD SUFFICE!
6TH WEEK
10TH WEEK
14TH WEEK
BOOSTER DOSE AT 15-18 MONTHS

ADVANTAGE:HUMORAL IMMUNITY(Ig G)
 USES
Immunocompromised.

People on corticosteroid therapy or radiation

100% seroconversion.

Protection against VDPV and VAPP

 NOT USEFUL IN EPIDEMICS!
BECAUSE
Immunity not rapidly achieved.
Injections avoided during epidemics,to avoid
Paralysis.
 IAP RECOMMENDS
OPV AT BIRTH.

OPV AND IPV AT 6,10,14 WEEKS.

OPV AND IPV AT 15-18 MONTHS.

OPV ON ALL NIDS AND s NIDS.

 Child <1 yr., if completed primary immunization with OPV:

3 DOSES OF IPV:

2doses at 2 months interval

3rd dose 6 months after 1st dose
100% sero conversion
 DIFFERENCES

OPV IPV

1.CHEAPER 1.COSTLIER

2.COMMUNITY 2.NO COMMUNITY

PROTECTION PROTECTION

3.STRINGENT,COLD 3.LARGER SHELF LIFE

CHAIN
4.CONTRAINDICATED 4.INDICATED
IN IMMUNODEF.
 Take home message
OPV:
Live attenuated virus
Life long immunity
Multiple doses needed
Contraindicated in immunocompromised
Complication : VDPV & VAPP
 IPV:

Killed,purified, from human cell culture

Safe in immunocompromised
100%seroconversion
Protects against VDPV and VAPP
Not useful in epidemics
 Key strategies

Eradication of polio

Maintaining high routine infant immunization

with OPV

Mop-up campaigns

AFP surveillance