Monopolies and

Restrictive Trade
Practices Act
(MRTP Act)

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 INTRODUCTION
It came in to force from 1 June 1970
The Monopolistic and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969, was
enacted:-
1. To ensure that the operation of the economic system does not result in
concentration of the economic power in the few hands and to the
common detriment.
2. To provide for the control of monopolies
3. To prohibit monopolistic and restrictive trade practices
The MRTP Act sought to prevent the concentration of economic
power to the common detriment by preventing those developments
which might result in the concentration of economic power such as
substantial expansion of existing undertaking; mergers and
amalgamations; takeovers; and interconnection of undertakings.

The MRTP Act was significantly amended in 1982, 1984, 1985 and
1991.
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 MONOPOLISTIC TRADE PRACTICES
Any trade practice which seeks to prevent
competition and which results in high price.
Such as:-
Unreasonably high prices
Limiting technical development
Limiting capital investment
Lower quality of good and services
Preventing or lessening competition

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 RESTRICTIVE TRADE PRACTICES
Any trade practice that that tend to block the
flow of capital into production and also bring in
conditions of delivery to affect the flow of
supplies leading to unjustified costs.
A restrictive trade practice is a trade practice which has the
effect, actual or probable of restricting, lessening or
destroying competition.
Such trade practices may tend to obstruct the flow of
production or to bring about manipulation of prices or
conditions of delivery etc. to the common detriment.

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 RESTRICTIVE TRADE PRACTICES
Such as
Refusal to deal with persons or classes of persons
Tie in sales or full line forcing
Exclusive dealing agreements
Collective price distribution and tendering
Discriminatory dealing
Re-sale price maintenance
Restriction on output or supply of goods
Control of manufacturing process
Boycott
Price control agreements
Government recognition of practices as restrictive
Residual restrictive trade practices
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 UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES

Unfair trade practice means a trade practice which,

for the purpose of promoting the sale, use or supply
of any goods or for the provision of any service,
adopts any unfair or deceptive practice.

These are categorized as:

False Representation
False Price or Bargain Price
Free gifts offer and Prize Schemes
Non-compliance of Prescribed Standards
Hoarding, Destruction etc.

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Unfair Trade Practices Categorization
False Representation
Falsely suggests that the goods are of a particular standard quality, quantity,
grade
re-built, second-hand renovated, reconditioned or old goods as new goods.
misleading representation concerning the need for, or the usefulness of, any
goods or services.

Bargain Price
The price stated in the advertisement in such manner as suggests that it is
lesser than the ordinary price.
The price which any person coming across the advertisement would believe
to be better than the price at which such goods are ordinarily sold.

Offering Of Gifts And Prizes

Creating impression that something is being offered free along with the
goods, when in fact the price is wholly or partly covered by the price of the
article sold
Offering some prizes to the buyers by the conduct of any contest, lottery or
game of chance or skill, with real intention to promote sales or business. 7
Unfair Trade Practices Categorization
Non-compliance Of Prescribed Standards

Any sale or supply of goods, for use by consumers, knowing or

having reason to believe that the goods do not comply with the
standards prescribed by some competent authority, in relation to
their performance, composition, contents, design, construction,
finishing or packing, as are necessary to prevent or reduce the risk
of injury to the person using such goods, shall amount to an unfair
trade practice.

Hoarding Or Destruction Of Goods

Any practice that permits the hoarding or destruction of goods, or

refusal to sell the goods or provide any services, with an intention
to raise the cost of those or other similar goods or services, shall be
an unfair trade practice.
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 REMEDIES UNDER MRTP ACT

Temporary Injunction
during any inquiry, the commission is satisfied that any undertaking or any
person is carrying on, or is about to carry on, any monopolistic, restrictive
or unfair trade practice the commission may grant a temporary injunction
restraining such undertaking or person form carrying on such practice
until the conclusion of inquiry or until further orders

Compensation
Where any monopolistic, restrictive or unfair trade practice has caused
damage to any Government, or trader or consumer, an application may be
made to the Commission asking for compensation, and the Commission
may award appropriate compensation.
Where any such loss or damage is caused to a number of persons having
the same interest, compensation can be claimed with the permission of
the commission, by any of them on behalf of all of them
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