1 Nov 2017

DC/AC Inverters and AC/DC Rectifier

Dr. Irfan Ullah

Assistant Professor
Electrical Engineering Department
University of Management and technology

Advanced Power System EE534

Contents

1. Power converters
2. Thyrister
3. 3-phase inverters
Current source inverter
Voltage source inverter
Multi-level inverter
PWM inverter
4. 3-phase rectifiers
Diode based rectifier
6-pulse controlled rectifier
Power converters

Converts AC to DC
One voltage and frequency to AC of another voltage and
frequency

Converts DC to AC

One direction connection

Converts DC of one voltage to DC of another voltage
Thyriser

Ideal case
Forward conduction: Resistanceless
Forward blocking: Lossless (no leakage current)
Reverse blocking: Lossless (no leakage current)
Switch on/off time: Instantaneous

Commutation
The transitional period from blocking to conducting,
and vice versa, is called commutation and the period
during which a component turns on/off, is called the
commutation period.

Losses may be reduced

Low leakage current during blocking
Low forward volt drop during conduction
High switching speed, short commutation period
Low triggering losses in the control circuit
Simple commutation of an electronic switch
 CSI DC/AC inverter

CSI keeps the current constant

Consists of DC voltage source, transistors, and inductor

1st: Th1 and Th3

2nd: Th2 and Th4

Diodes prevent
capacitors from
discharging into load
Auto-Sequential
Commutated mode
of operation Topology of a 1-phase CSI Commutating capacitors
CSI DC/AC 3-phase inverter

Topology of a 3-phase CSI

CSI DC/AC 3-phase inverter contd..

Th1 & Th2 conducting Th3 & Th2 conducting

 VSI DC/AC Inverter

VSI keeps the voltage constant

DC voltage source, transistors, and large DC capacitor
Applications: variable frequency ac motor drives

Topology of a 1-phase half bridge Topology of a 1-phase VSI Topology of a 3-phase VSI
VSI
Multi-level VSI DC/AC Inverter

Popular at high power levels

More level can be made (27)

7 level full bridge inverter waveform 3 level inverter

Pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter

The power devices to be switched at

frequencies much greater than that of the
fundamental frequency producing a
number of pulses for each period of the
desired output period
Increasing the modulation frequency will
improve the current waveform, but at the
expense of increased losses in the
switching devices of the inverter

IGBT inverters
12 kHz for 22 kW motor size
8 kHz for 500 kW motor size
Sine-coded pulse width
modulated voltage and current
Diode commutation

at time t1
I1 = I , I2 = 0 , V1 > V2
commutation current

Simple circuit to illustrate

commutation from diode D1 to D2

at time t2
I1 = 0 , I2 = Ic = I

The currents in each branch during commutation

3-phase AC/DC rectifier

Only 2 of the 6 diodes conduct current at any one time

3-Phase commutation with a 6-pulse diode bridge Vector diagram

3-phase AC/DC Rectifier

For upper positive group

highest voltage in the sequence VAVBVC
via diodes D1D3D5
VA = positive peak , D1 conducts
VB = positive peak , D3 conducts
VC = positive peak , D5 conducts
For lower negative group
D2 conducts VC is more negative than VA
VA = VC , VA is more negative than VC
commutation D2 to D4
D2 =0 , D4 = 1
Current transferred to diode D6
then back to D2
Voltage and current waveforms during commutation
6 pulse controlled 3-phase AC/DC
Rectifier

delay angle or firing angle

The reference point, for the angle of
delay, is the point where a phase
voltage wave crosses the voltage of
the previous phase and becomes
positive relative to it.
At zero delay angle, voltage output
VD = 1.35 VRMS
At delay angle
VD = 1.35 VRMS Cos

6-pulse controlled thyristor rectifier bridge

3-phase AC/DC Rectifier

= 90

< 90 > 90
Discussion

Thanks
?