LATENT THERMAL ENERGY

STORAGE
USAMA IJAZ 2014-ME-126
Contents

Introduction
Types of LTES
PCMs
Ice and Snow in LTES
High temperature LTES
LATENT THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE
INTRODUCTION

Latent heat storage uses the phase transition of a material for

heat storage. Usually solidliquid phase change is used, by
melting and solidification of a material.
Upon melting heat is transferred to the material, storing large
amounts of heat at constant temperature; the heat is released
when the material solidifies.
The amount of heat stored in the material is;
= .
Where,
m = mass of material
=
LATENT THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE
INTRODUCTION-TYPES OF LTES

THERE ARE FOLLOWING TYPES

OF LTES
HIGH TEMPERATURE-LTES (120-1400 C)
LIQUID METALs
MOLTEN SALTs
LOW TEMPERATURE-LTES (< 120 C)
ICE AND SNOW
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PHASE CHANGE MATERIALs (PCMs)

Materials used for latent heat storage are

called phase change materials (PCM).
The four types of PCMs are:
solid to liquid
liquid to gas
solid to gas
solid to solid

The most common PCM is Water.

Low-Temperature LTES
PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS (PCMS)

Classification of PCMs
Using Ice And Snow In Thermal
Energy Storage Systems
Ice and snow have been used for cooling since ancient times
During the winter, ice is stored in thermally insulated buildings for
cooling in the summer.
Waters latent heat of fusion (0.093 kWh/kg) means that 0.093
kWh of heat is required to melt 1 kg of 0C ice into 0C water. If
the melt water can be used for cooling up to a temperature of
6C, then 1000 kg of ice contains 100 kWh of cold.
There are basically three types of snow storage systems:
a) snow storage in thermally insulated buildings
b) snow storage in a thermally insulated pit
c) underground snow storage (without thermal insulation)
Using Ice And Snow In Thermal
Energy Storage Systems
Outline of snow storage in a thermally insulated pit
HIGH TEMPERATURE THERMAL
ENERGY STORAGE
High temperature LTES system are still in underdeveloped and hardly any working system are
available. Because of limitations of handling high temperature mateials.
Most of the materials proposed for high temperature (120-1400 C) energy storage are either
inorganic salts or metals.
METALS
Among the metals, aluminum, magnesium and zinc have been mentioned as
suitable metals.
INORGANIC SALTs
Among the inorganic salts:
Sulfates, carbonates, phosphates, nitrides, oxides, chlorides, sodium
hydroxide and alkali nitrates can be considered between the range of 120-
1400 C.
In the high temperature range, the heat capacities (sensible heat) of the
fluorides, hydroxides, and the nitrates are of the same magnitude as those of
such conventional solid heat storage media as olivine, magnesite, cast iron,
etc. Hence, they are especially suitable where the latent heat as well as the
sensible heat can be utilized
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