Essential Question

HOW CAN WE
DEMONSTRATE
COMPETENCE IN
Informational WRITING
after completing the
MLA mini-lesson?
Learning Targets: November 14, 2017

ELAGSE11-12W9: Draw
evidence from literary or
informational texts to
support analysis,
reflection, and research.
Learning Targets Continued:
November 14, 2017

ELAGSE10L3 You will understand

how language functions in different
contexts, to make effective choices
for meaning or style, and to
comprehend more fully when
reading or listening, and to write and
to edit so that it follows the MLA
format.
 Mini-Lesson MLA
Building a Research Paper

Introducing Plagiarism and MLA Citation Tips

 Lesson Objectives
Learn about the concept
of plagiarism.

Learn the reasons for using

a citation style, like MLA.

Correctly utilize and

identify MLA citation style.
What is Plagiarism?

Plagiarism is the theft

of words, phrases,
sentence structures,
ideas, or opinions.
 When does it occur?
Plagiarism occurs when any
such information is taken from
any source or person and--
intentionally or unintentionally--
presented or "borrowed"
without mention of the source.
Plagiarism also occurs when
materials from cited sources are
reproduced exactly or nearly
exactly but are not put in
quotation marks.
 How to Avoid Plagiarism

The best way to avoid plagiarism is to learn how to use a

citation style (like MLA) and then apply it consistently in all your
work. If not, you may fail the assignment or course.
 When to give your source. . .
You must acknowledge in your paper the source of
A direct quotation
A statistic
An idea
Someone elses opinion
Concrete facts not considered common
knowledge
Information not commonly known
Information taken from the computer (CD
ROMS, internet, etc.)
Illustrations, photographs, or charts if not yours
Source:
Silverman, Jay, Elaine Hughes, and Diana Roberts Weinbroer. Rules of Thumb: A Guide for
Writers. New York: McGraw Hill, 2002.
 Sources
GENERAL RULE:

Ideally, no more than 25 percent

of your paper should be direct
quotations

Paraphrase as much as you can

Use direct quotations when citing

a statistic or original theory

Use author's words if they capture

a point exactly
When to Paraphrase or Summarize
You must still acknowledge your
source if you
Paraphrase:
Put someone elses ideas into
your own words (keep length,
switch it up)
Summarize:
Condense someone elses
words or ideas (use less words)
 Signal Phrases in MLA
Model Signal Phrases: Verbs in Signal Phrases:
In the words of acknowledges admits
researchers Long and agrees asserts
believes claims
McKinzie
comments confirms
contends declares
As Paul Rudnick has denies disputes
noted emphasizes endorses
grants illustrates
Implies notes
Melinda Stuart, mother of observes points out
a child killed by a reasons refutes
drunk driver, points suggests writes
out
Complete list: Hacker, Diana. A
Writers Reference. 5th ed.
,writes Michelle Boston: Bedford/St. Martins,
2003. p. 336.
Moore,

NOTE: Never use says

The Modern Language Association
Citation Style (MLA Citation)

MLA, like other citations styles consists of

two things:
1. In-text Citations
(Also called Parenthetical Citations)
2. Works Cited Page
(composed of Bibliographic Entries)

**You must utilize both correctly to avoid

plagiarism!
Why Use MLA Format?

Allows readers to
cross-reference your
sources easily
Provides consistent
format within a
discipline
Gives you credibility
as a writer
Protects yourself from
plagiarism
 In-Text or Parenthetical Citations
a system in which you give your source in parentheses
immediately after you give the information.
Four Common Citations:
Author and page number
Title and page number
Page number only
Secondhand quotations
 Cite Your Sources!!
In-text citations of sources
have two requirements: Examples

1. They need to include enough (Last Name Page #)

information for the audience (Garcia 136)

to find the source on the works

cited page.
2. They need to include enough
information so the audience
knows where to find the
borrowed material in the
original source you used.
 Types of In-text Citations
In-text citations can come in two main forms:
1. Author named within the quote:
At one point, Cofer writes, Growing up in a large
urban centerI suffered from what I think of as
cultural schizophrenia (175).
2. Author not named within the quote:
On the other side, many Americans
expressed surprise at the frequency with
which French people spoke about money
(Carroll 313).

*As you can see, both styles of citations include

the authors last name and the page number.
In-Text Citation Author & Page No.
(Keeling 125)

Notice there is no p
and no comma.

The struggle for identity

is common during
puberty (Keeling 125).
In-Text Citations Title & Page No.

Her distinctive writing style

adds to her mystique (Plath
19).

Often, articles, editorials,

pamphlets, and other
materials have no author
listed; thus, give the first
distinctive word of the title
followed by page #
In-Text Citations Page No. Only

If you have already mentioned

the authors name, put a page
number only:

Keeling states that Plaths work stands in stark

contrast to other confessional poets (58).
 In-Text Citation Organization as Author
Often, an organization serves as the author:
The National Council for Teachers of English state that
students bring insider knowledge of youth culture and a
passion for and investment in its texts and practices (5).
OR

Students bring insider knowledge of youth culture

(National Council for the Teachers of English 5).
 Other forms of In-Text Citations

1. Two authors:
(Johnson and Rodriguez 221)
2. Three or more authors:
(York et al. 75) et al. means and
others
3. A work with no page numbers (like a
webpage):
(Miller)

*You add the full title only if it is short.

If it is a long title, you only use the first
one or two words.
 Works Cited Entries
A Works Cited Page is composed of Works
Cited Entries, commonly called bibliographic
entries. There are dozens of different types of
sources, and there is an MLA work cited
format for each one.
The most common formats are those for:
1. A book with one author
2. A book with two authors
3. A book with an editor
4. An article from an online periodical (journals
and magazines)
5. An internet site
 A Book with One Author

For example:
(sample)
Last, First. Book Title. City: Publisher, Year.

(example)
Gilligan, Carol. In a Different Voice. Cambridge:
Harvard Press, 1982.
 A Book with Two+ Authors
The basic format for a book with two authors is nearly identical
to one with one author. You just need to add the second
authors name, but this time the second author goes First
Name first, Last Name Last.

For example:

(sample)
Last, First and First Last. Book Title. City:
Publisher, Year.

(example)
Embry, Carol and Joseph Addison. The lives of the
Eighteenth Century Satirists. London: Penguin,
1796.

*Notice that when a citation does not fit on one line, the next line
starts 5 spaces in from the first line.
 A Book with an Editor (or two!)
For example:

(sample)
Last, First, ed. Book Title. City: Publisher, Year.

(example)
Bloom, Harold, ed. Shakespeares Baudy. Stratford-
upon-Avon: Globe Press, 1996.
 An Article from an online database magazine

For example:
(sample)
Last, First. Article Title. Name of Mag. Date of publication: page
numbers. Name of database. Vendor. Date Visited<site
address of database>.

(example)
Khan, John. The Chinese Theatre. Journal of
Drama Studies. June 2003: 145-68. Proquest. Gale
Learning. 2 May 2011 <www.aclibrary.org>.
 An Internet Site
For example:
(sample)
Last, First. Title of page. Title of home page. Date
written or posted (day month, year). Date visited <site
address of title page>.

(example)
Smith, Mary. Science in America. United States
Science. (June 2003). 3 May 2010
<http://spaceflight.usa.gov/spacenews.html>.

*Because webpages are unregulated, there is a great degree of

variation on whether it will have all these pieces of information. If
your site does not, skip that piece and move on to the next one.
In-Text Citations - How Often to Give Citations
When several facts in a row within
one paragraph all come from the
same page of a source, use one
citation to cover them all. Place
the citation after the last fact.

The citation MUST be in the same

paragraph as the facts!
 Works Cited
List only those sources that you actually used
List the complete title of the article, essay, or book
Alphabetize your list by authors last names or the first main
word in a title
Online sources usually follow the print format followed by
the URL <URL>. (journals, newspapers, magazines, abstracts,
books, reviews, scholarly projects or databases, etc.)
Format
Authors last name first
Double-space
Left Margin
Indent second and third lines five spaces
Most item separated by periods leave one space after
ending punctuation.
Place a period at the end of each entry.
Now for some practice!
 Which of the following examples is a correctly
formatted citation for a one author book,
where the quoted material comes from
page 75?

(Jones, 75) (Jones, p.75)

(Jones 75) (Jones page 75)

 Correct!
(Jones 75)

In text citations for one author books only

contain the authors last name and the page
number. You should not put a comma, p. or
page.
 Which of the following examples is a correctly
formatted citation for a two author book,
where the quoted material starts on page 84
and ends on page 86?

(Garica and Lo, 84-86) (Garica and Lo 84-86)

(Garica & Lo 84-86) (Garica & Lo 84 to 86)

Correct!
(Garica and Lo 84-86)

In text citations for two author books contain

the authors last names separated by and,
and the page number. When there is a range
of pages, you put the starting page, a dash,
and then the ending page.
 The example below is what kind of a
bibliographic citation?

Erickson, Leif. How I discovered America. Journal of

Viking Studies 24 (1991): 25-42.

Periodical Book with one author

Webpage Newspaper
Correct!
Periodical

Bibliographic citations that have quotation

marks, automatically should tell you that it is a
selection in another publication. Therefore,
these types of citations are either journal,
magazine, or newspaper articles (all
periodicals).
 In the following citation, what part of it is
incorrect?

Holland, Merlin, and Miller, John. The Big Book of Stories.

Chicago: Altamira Press, 2000.

City 2nd Authors Name

Publisher 1st Authors Name

 Correct!
2nd Authors Name

Bibliographic citations list the first authors

name last name first and first name last, but
all other authors are listed first name first and
last name last.
 What you learned today

In this lesson you learned:

1. about plagiarism,
2. the importance of citation styles,
3. and how to use MLA citation style.

Good Luck crafting your

Novel Project. Use your
Librarywe can help you be
Successful!