H-6A

RESEARCH
PROPOSAL
(2)

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 RESEARCH PROPOSAL
TITLE
I. INTRODUCTION
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
III. METHOD

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX
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 III. METHOD

1. Study Design
2. Location and Time

3. Study Population

4. Sampling
5. Sample size
6. Inclusion and exclusion
criteria
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 7. Informed consent

8. Procedures

9. Identifying Variables

10. Operational definition

11. Plan of data analysis and data

interpretation

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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 APPENDICES

Curriculum vitae of researchers

Budget
Time schedule of the study
Informed consent (Form)
Statistical formulas
Instruments of the study (e.g.
Questionnaire)
Dummy Table
Others

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 Reference

Burns N., Grove S.K.. The Practice of Nursing

Research. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. 1993,
pp.699-716.

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 Quantitative and Qualitative
Research
1. Introduction to Quantitative and
Qualitative Research
2. Comparison of Quantitative and Qualitative
Research

3. Types of Quantitative and Qualitative

Research

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 Quantitative and Qualitative
Research

1. Introduction
Many researchers have narrowly defined scientific
research method to include only quantitative research.

This research method is based on the philosophy of

logical empiricism

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 Quantitative research ?

Quantitative research is
a formal, objective, systematic process in
which numerical data are utilized to obtain
information about the world

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 Quantitative research
Is used to
- describe variables
- examine relationships among
variables
- determine cause- and-effect
interactions between variables

the predominantly used method of scientific

investigation

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 Qualitative research ?

Qualitative research is

a systematic, subjective approach used to

describe life experiences and give them
meaning

not a new idea in social and behavioral

sciences
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 2. Comparison of Quantitative and
Qualitative Research

Qualitative
Quantitative
Research Research
Hard science Soft science
Focus : concise and Focus : complex
narrow and
broad
Reductionistic
Holistic
Objective
Subjective

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 2. Comparison of Quantitative and
Qualitative Research

Quantitative Research Qualitative Research

Reasoning : logistic Reasoning :
and dialectic,
deductive inductive
Basis of knowing : Basis of knowing :
cause-and-effect meaning,
relations. discovery
Tests theory Develops theory

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 Quantitative Research Qualitative Research

Control Shared interpretation

Instruments Communication and

observation
Basic elements of
analysis Basic elements of
: numbers analysis :
words

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 Quantitative Research Qualitative Research

Statistical analysis Individual interpretation

Generalization Uniqueness

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 3. Types of Quantitative and
Qualitative Research

Types of Quantitative Research

1. Descriptive
1. Non-intervention
2. Correlational (Observational)
3. Quasi-Experiment
2. Intervention
4. Experiment

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 Types of Qualitative Research

1. Phenomenology
2. Grounded Theory
3. Ethnography
4. etc.

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 1. Phenomenological Research

Phenomenological research is an inductive,

descriptive approach developed from
phenomenological philosophy

The focus of phenomenological philosophy is

understanding the response of whole human
being, not just specific parts of behaviors

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 The aim of phenomenological research
is to describe an experience as it is lived
by the person, such as describing a
persons experience of pain as it is lived
by that person

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 2. Grounded Theory Research

GTR is an inductive research technique.

This research approach is useful in
discovering what problems exist in a
social scene and the process persons use
to handle them

GTR emphasizes observation and the development

of practice-based intuitive relationships between
variables

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 The research process involves
formulation, testing, and redevelopment
of propositions until a theory evolves.

The theory developed is grounded or

has its roots in the data from which it was
derived

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 3. Ethnographic Research

ER for investigating cultures through an in-

depth study of the members of the culture.
ER attempts to tell the story of peoples daily
lives while describing the culture they are a
part of

ER process is the systematic collection,

description, and analysis of data to
develop a theory of cultural behavior
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 Using ER different cultures are described,
compared and contrasted to add to the
understanding of the impact of culture on
human behavior and health

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 Lets have a break !!

Learn what youve got

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