By : MIX DESIGN

Aning Noer Rizky F 111 16

Ayu Amaliah P F 111 16 152
Kartika Sulaiman F 111 16 025
Pirnayanti F 111 16
Rizky Ananda F 111 16 235
Siti Sarah F 111 16 020
Concrete Mix Design Concept
Process of selecting
suitable ingredients of
Mix Design concrete and determining
their relative proportions
with the object of
producing concrete of
certain minimum strength
and durability as
economically as possible.
The design of concrete
mix is not a simple task on
account of the widely
varying properties of the
constituent materials, the
conditions that prevail at
the site of work, in
particular the exposure
condition, and the
conditions that are
demanded for a particular
work for which the mix is
designed.
British Standard Mix Design (DOE Method)

The British method of concrete mix design, popularly

referred to as the "DOE method", is used in the United
Kingdom and other parts of the world and has a long
established record. The method originates from the
"Road Note No 4" which was published in Great
Britain in 1950. In 1975 the note was replaced by the
"Design of Normal Concrete Mixes", published by the
British Department of the Environment (DOE). In
1988 the "Design of Normal Concrete Mixes" was
issued in a revised and updated edition to allow for
changes in various British Standards.
Stages of DOE Method :
Determine the target strength
1

Determine the water/cement (W/C) ratio according to the target strength, types of cement and aggregate.
2

Determine the water content, W, from required workability, size and type of aggregate.
3

Determine cement content, C, from W/C ratio and water content.

4

Determine the total aggregate content from D, C, and W.

5

Determine the proportion of fine aggregate according to the fineness of fine aggregate, maximum aggregate
6 size, and W/C.

Determine coarse aggregate.

7
Step 1 : Determine the target strength
As a results of variability of concrete, it is necessary to
design the mix to have a mean strength greater than the
specified characteristic strength by an amount termed the
margin. Thus the target strength, fm, is
fm= fc+ ks
Where :
fc= specified characteristic strength s = standard deviation
k = constant depending on the defective level associated
with the specified strength.
ks is termed the margin.
Mean = failure level+ z x standard deviation.
A table of z (or n) values for various values of percentage failures
Step 2 : Determine the water/cement ratio
This is done in a rather round about method using the table and
Figure given below

Figure 1
TABLE 2
 Table gives the approximate compressive strength of
concretes made with a free w/c ratio of .50

Using the table find out the 28 days strength for the
approximate type of cement and types of Coarse aggregate

Mark a point on the Y axis in Fig equal to the compressive

strength read form table which is at a W/C ratio of
.50.through this intersection point ,draw a parallel dotted
curve nearest to the intersection point Using this new
curve ,we read off W/C ratio as against target mean
strength.
Step 3 : Water content
Next decide water content for the required workability
expressed in terms of slump taking into consideration the size of
aggregate and its type from Table

Table 3
 Find the cement content knowing the water/ cement
ratio and water content. Cement content is calculate
simply dividing water content by W/C ratio
The cement content calculated should be compared
with minimum cement content specified from the
durability consideration as given in table 9.20 and
higher of the two should be adopted
Sometime maximum Cement content is also specified.
The calculated cement content must be less than the
specified maximum cement content
Step 4 : Total aggregate content
Total aggregate content = Wet density-C-W
C: cement content Kg/m3
W:water content Kg/m3
Wet density from figure 5 depending on specific weight of
aggregate and water content
Figure 5
To find the percent of fine aggregate
O Using figure 6 to find the percent of fine
aggregate through knowing :
Slump and V-B time
Max aggregate size
Water to cement ratio w/c
By knowing the zone of grading for the
aggregate, 2 values would be obtained
(take the average)
Figure 6 (10 mm)
Figure 6 (20 mm)
Figure 6 (40 mm)
 Calculate Fine Aggregate content :
Fine aggregate content Fagg = pw(Wagg ) kg/m3
Pw (percent of fine agg.) is determined from graphs
Cagg= Wagg-Fagg
 Example
We wish to select a mix to satisfy requirements
similar to those used in the example of the
American method of mix selection (p. 757). These
are: a mean 28-day compressive strength
(measured on standard cubes) of 44 MPa (which is
equivalent to a cylinder strength of 35 MPa); a
slump of 50 mm; uncrushed aggregate with a
maximum size of 20 mm; specific gravity of
aggregate of 2.64; 60 per cent of fine aggregate
passes the 600 m sieve; no air entrainment
required; ordinary Portland cement to be used.
From Table 2, for ordinary Portland cement and
uncrushed aggregate, we find the 28-day strength to
be 42 MPa.
Mark a point on the Y axis in Fig 1 equal to the
compressive strength read form table which is
at a W/C ratio of 0.50, through this
intersection point ,draw a parallel dotted
curve nearest to the intersection point Using
this new curve ,we read off W/C ratio as
against target mean strength.
w/c =0,48
From Table 3, for 20 mm uncrushed aggregate
and a slump of 50 mm, we find the water
requirement to be 180 kg/m3.
The cement content is 180/0.48 = 375 kg/m3
From Fig. 5, for a water content of 180 kg/m3
and aggregate with a specific gravity of 2.64,
we read off the fresh density of concrete of
2400 kg/m3. The total aggregate content is
thus: 2400 375 180 = 1845 kg/m3.
In Fig. 6 (20 mm), we find the particular
diagram for the maximum size of aggregate of
20 mm and a slump encompassing the value of
50 mm. On the line representing fine
aggregate with 60 per cent passing the 600 m
sieve, at a water/cement ratio of 0.48, the
proportion of fine aggregate is 32 per cent (by
mass of total aggregate).
Hence, the fine aggregate content is: 32
1845 = 590 kg/m3
32
Coarse aggregate content is 1845 590 = 1255 kg/m3.

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