MOVEMENT SYSTEM

The usefulness of any piece of land, whether urban, suburban, or rural depends
on the existence of road to serve it.
Primary Consideration: adequacy of both circulation access

Circulation Access includes

o Pedestrian
o Vehicular
o Public Transit Movement Systems
Circulation System
Vehicular Circulation: primary structure in a land use plan determining the
location of various utilities, communication networks, and pedestrian circulation
systems
It is a standard to begin placing the surface road on the site in land planning and
site planning, which determines the pattern of land use.
Roads Systems must be carefully adopted to the topography
MOVEMENT SYSTEM: FORMS OF CIRCULATION
Grid system: road and streets are made equally spaced which are perpendicular to
each other.

Convenience and are often used through its simplicity

Provide a sense of orientation
Can be use on a slope site, if it is carefully executed
Can handle or control an increasing capacity of traffic
Becomes ineffective In circulation when it becomes congested
Radial system: a channel of straight circulation connecting from a center point
A typical pattern originated from traditional city growth from the original
settlement
Its disadvantage is its congested channels which converge to the center point
The solution to its problem is by applying by passes that connects to outlying
hubs and redirects the flow to another channel
Linear System: A circulation of single line or parallel line that connects between two
points
The flow of circulation is an on and off movement in its branches and can
impede the traffic that is present
Such routes that are lined up with commercial and other business buildings has
a chaotic visualization
Curvilinear System: It follows the topographic land and aligns itself to the natural
contours
It has a characteristic in reducing speed because of its curving path and works
best when used in a small scale
It has an interesting layout because of its site adaptability and better views
MOVEMENT SYSTEM: VEHICULAR CIRCULATION
The development/potential in a piece of land is determined by its system of traffic
access to the land
It improves ones experience around the road while inside the car so that its as
pleasant as possible

Basic Categories:
1. Freeway/expressway/motorway
2. Arterial Streets/Highway
3. Collector-Distributor Streets
4. Local Access Streets
1. Freeway/Expressway/Motorway: It allows a huge volume of traffic and movement
around an urban area
Cross traffic are accomplish and eliminates traffic by applying overpasses and
underpasses
Designed for fast traffic and controlled entrance and exit
2. Arterial Street/Highway: A vehicular channel and are continuous that is connected
to the expressway by the means of an on and off ramp that are placed and
located carefully
Two and three lanes wide in each of its direction
Prohibited on street parking
A high capacity urban road and delivers traffic from collector road to freeway
and expressway
A backbone of a traffic network and should be designed to afford the highest
level of service
3. Collector-Distributor Street: A transmission that serves between an arterial and
local access street of a neighbourhood
Provide access to any residential land
Traffic signals are needed when it intersects with an arterial street
4. Local Access Street: provide access to low intensity uses fronting on them
Unlimited pedestrian use
They carry low traffic flow
Unrestricted curbside parking
Such streets consist of cul-de-sacs or combination of the two
Vertical Curves
Provides a comfortable transition between two different grades avoiding overly
steep inclines, sudden bumps and hollows
Sight distance are kept long, so as to maintain a relatively distant forward view
for the driver

Cloverleaf: (type of interchange) most common type of grade separation

intersection which based on a system of right turns
Direct-Left Turn Interchange: use where two freeways intersects, this is a more
complex configuration and much expensive than the cloverleaf but it allows a
more high speed lanes and transitions
Diamond Intersection: used where freeways are intersecting on a secondary
road. Economically known and occupy little space. Its known for its ramp grade,
its important characteristic
Types of Control Devices

Stop Signs
Traffic Signals
Turning Lanes
Islands
Medians
Grade Separation
MOMEMENT SYSTEM: PEDESTRIAN
Tactile paving
-a surface pattern indicator of textured ground which are found on footpaths,
stairs, and train station platforms to help assist people who are visually impared.

-it provides a distinctive pattern on the surface that are dectable by a long cane
or underfoot to alert visually impared people who are approaching a hazardous
area, street or change of grade
TYPES OF TACTILE PATTERNS
Blister Tactile
-used in pedestrian crossing in the absence of a change in height, differentiate
between where the footway ends and carriageway begins

-it consist of rows of flat topped blisters in a square pattern and red in color.
Offset Blister Tactile
-(also known as platform edge (off-street) warning surface) it warns visually
impaired people of the edge of all off-street railway platforms

-its surface consist of flat topped domes (blisters), spaced apart from the center
of one dome to the next and accompanied by a color that contrast the
surroundings.

Used in
Heavy rail platforms
Off street LRT platforms
Underground platforms
Lozenge Tactile
-(also known as platform edge (on-street) warning surface) it warns visually
impaired people that they are approaching the edge of an on-street light rapid
transit (LRT) platform

-it comprises rows of high lozenge shape which have round edges so as not to
cause any trip hazard. Parallel to the platform edge and should not be installed
closer to the said edge so as to give sufficient time for the visual impaired
people to react and stop walking

-Accompanied by buff colors or any color other than red that contrast the
surroundings
Corduroy Hazard Warning Tactile
-it warns visually impaired people of the presence of specific hazards, steps,
levels, crossing or the approach of an on-street LRT platform

-it consist of rounded bars running transversely across the direction of

pedestrian travel. Buff color or any color other than red that contrast the
surroundings
Used in:
Top and bottom of stairs
Foot of the ramp
Level crossing
Where a footway joins a shared route
Cycle way Tactile
-Used in conjunction with a segregated shared cycle track or footway to advice
visually impaired people of the correct side to enter

-the central delineator strips keeps the said pedestrian people to the pedestrian
side

-it comprises a series of continuous raised, flat topped bars and a central
delineator strips with slopping sides, flat top and are made of white material
Directional/Guidance Tactile
-People along the route when the traditional cues such as property line or curb
edge are not available and around obstacles

-it consist a series of raised flat topped bars running in the direction of
pedestrian travel and are colored that contrast to the surrounding area
Bollards: a short post designed to guide traffic and protect from vehicle intrusions.
Bollards can be manufactured and installed to withstand significant vehicle
impacts, but they can also be used as visual barriers.
STREET DESIGN
Traffic Calming: the use of design elements to increase driver awareness and slow
vehicle speed
Narrow streets results in slower vehicle speed
Use of visual clues, narrow lanes, and physical barriers protects pedestrian at a
busy intersection
Ex. Choker: This is the name given to build-outs added to a road to narrow it. There
are various configurations of chokers, but the philosophy is to narrow a road to
change its perception to drivers.
Cul-de-sacs: (dead end) sometimes called a dead-end street, a street with only one
inlet/outlet. It is usually used for a dead end that has a circular end.
Roundabouts
it creates a situation that requires the drivers to slow down and allows traffic
to move smoothly through the intersection

It increases the drivers awareness as they observe the change in traffic

pattern, slower speed, and create a much safer environment for pedestrian