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Catabolism
Decomposes substances to provide energy cells need to
function
Digestive (GI) Tract
Actions of Digestive (GI) Tract
Ingestion Secretion
Occurs when material Release of water acids,
enters via the mouth buffers, enzymes & salts by
Mechanical Processing epithelium of GI tract and
glandular organs
Crushing / Shearing
makes material easier to Absorption
move through the tract Movement of organic
Digestion substrates, electrolytes,
vitamins & water across
Chemical breakdown of digestive epithelium
food into small organic
compounds for absorption Excretion
Removal of waste products
from body fluids
Digestive (GI) Tract
The Digestive Organs and the Peritoneum
Lined with serous membrane consisting of
Superficial mesothelium covering a layer of areolar
tissue
Serosa, or visceral peritoneum:
covers organs within peritoneal cavity
Parietal peritoneum:
lines inner surfaces of body wall
Histological Structure of the Digestive
(GI) Tract
Movement of Digestive Materials
By muscular layers of digestive tract
Consist of visceral smooth muscle
Along digestive tract:
Has rhythmic cycles of activities (PERISTALSIS)
Consists of waves of muscular contractions
Move a bolus along the length of the tract
Controlled by pacesetter cells
Surrounding the lumen of the tract
Cells undergo spontaneous depolarization
Triggering wave of contraction through entire muscular sheet
Peristalsis
Functions of Oral Cavity
Sensory analysis
Of material before swallowing
Mechanical processing
Through actions of teeth,
tongue, and palatal surfaces
Lubrication
Mixing with mucus and
salivary gland secretions
Limited digestion
Of carbohydrates and lipids
Esophagus
A hollow muscular tube
About 25 cm (10 in.) long
and 2 cm (0.80 in.) wide
Conveys solid food and
liquids to the stomach
Begins posterior to cricoid
cartilage
Is innervated by fibers from
the esophageal plexus
Stomach Function
Major Functions of the Stomach
Storage of ingested food
Mechanical breakdown of ingested food
Disruption of chemical bonds in food material by acid and
enzymes
Production of intrinsic factor, a glycoprotein required for
absorption of vitamin B12 in small intestine
Gastric Anatomy
Digestion in the Stomach
Stomach performs preliminary digestion of proteins
by pepsin
Some digestion of carbohydrates (by salivary amylase)
Lipids (by lingual lipase)
Stomach contents
Become more fluid
pH approaches 2.0
Pepsin activity increases
Protein disassembly begins