RESEARCH REPORT WRITING

& Presentation
Definition:

Research reports are detailed and

accurate accounts of the conduct of
disciplined studies accomplished to solve
problems or to reveal new knowledge.
(Busha and Harter, 1988).
Meaning of Research Report:
Research report writing is the oral or written presentation of the evidence and the
findings in such detail and form as to be readily understood and accessed by the
reader and as to enable him to verify the validity of the conclusions..
According to American Marketing Society, Its purpose is to Convey to interested
persons the whole result of study in sufficient detail and to enable each reader to
comprehend the data and to determine himself the validity of the conclusions. It is
covers, Disseminations, Presents the conclusions for the information and
knowledge to others, to check the validity of the generalizations, to
encourage others to carry on research on the same or allied problem.
Structure of Research Report
Generally, a research report, whether it is called dissertation
or thesis, will include the:

1) The Priliminary i.e. preface pages

2) The text of the report / Main body of the report
3) The Reference material.
PRELIMINARY SECTION
Title page
Certification
Candidate Declaration
Preface including Acknowledgements
Table of Content
List of Tables
List of figures
List of Abbreviation
 CHAPTER 1-INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Purpose and objective of the study
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Definition of Terms
1.6 Significant of the study
1.7 Conclusion
 CHAPTER 2-LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction
2.1 Body of the literature
2.1.1 General area of research
2.1.2 Underlying theory
2.1.3 Variables used from previous literature
2.2 Theoretical Framework
2.3 Hypotheses
2.4 Conclusion
 CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0 Introduction
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Variable and Measurement
3.3 Questionnaire design
3.4 Population and Sample
3.5 Scope of the study
3.6 Data analysis method
3.7 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4- DATA COLLECTION, DATA ANALYSIS

Data Analysis will include the types of analysis

techniques used for analyzing the data
collected. It can be done by various Statistical
tools & techniques such as SPSS, MS Excel,
AMOS etc.
 CHAPTER 5-DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

5.1 Highlighting of major findings

5.2 Discussion
5.3 Implication
5.3.1 Theoretical Implication
5.3.2 Practical Implication
5.4 Limitation
5.5 Recommendation for future research
5.6 Conclusion
 REFERENCE MATERIAL
The reference material is generally divided as fallows
1. Bibliography (APA Style or ..)
2. Copies of forms used
3. Tables not included in findings
4. A copy of questionnaire
5. Detail of sampling and rate of response
6. Statement of expenses
7. Any other relevant information

8. Appendices (SPSS output & Data Stream)

9. Glossary of terms (if any)

10. Index (if any)
Difficulties or Problems in Writing a
Report
1) The Problems of Communications
a. Technical terms should be properly explained.
b. Neither too simple nor too difficult expression
c. Level of Knowledge and subject-matter
d. Language and drafting
2) The problem of objectivity .
3) The Problems of expression of bitter truths and unpleasant facts
Preparation of reports
For preparations or drafting of reports three steps are
involved.
1) First Draft: Basically the rough draft. It aims to check and
ensure:
Comprehensiveness or fullness of facts.
Precision or Accuracy of Facts
Second Drafts & Third Drafts
2nd. The researcher should give the first draft, at this stage, a shape so that it
can be readable, clear and lucid. Considerable trimming or editing will have to
be done to make the writing precise, Concise and brief. Finally, at the second
draft stage, critical evaluation will have to be made of all that has been written-
facts, findings, conclusions and recommendations.
3rd. And final The final stage in drafting is the preparations of final report. It
concentrates mainly on the finish and final touches, i.e., on documentation and
polish to make the report weighty, authoritative, convincing and attractive.
Documentation indicated the references to the sources, other previous and
current work and view, additional data and discussion and suggested further
reading on the specific problem as handled by the researcher. In other words, it
indicated the thoroughness of the investigation and on the other a guide to
further work.
Characteristics of good report
1) Attractive
2) Clear Topic
3) Balanced Language
4) No repetition of facts
5) Statement of scientific facts
6) Practicability
7)Description of the difficulties and the shortcomings
Good Report & Conclusions
Review of literature
Treatment of quotations
Size and Physical Design
Footnotes
Use of Abbreviations
Use of Statistics, Charts and Graphs
Bibliography, Index & Appendices
Conclusions: In spite of all that has been stated above, one should always
keep in view the fact report-writing is an art which is learnt by practice and
experience.
PRESENATION OF REPORT
Presenting your data
When writing conference papers, posters, publications or your
thesis, you will need to present your information clearly.
Using figures (diagrams, photographs, maps, graphs)
or tables (lists of written or numerical information) will enable
you to demonstrate your arguments clearly.
Figures and tables must:
be numbered consecutively
be correctly referred to (by number) and relevant to the text
be presented in a consistent style
have a descriptive caption so that they can be understood
without text if necessary (captions usually go above a table, and
below a figure)
Graphs must have axes labelled and all units of measurement
clearly shown.
Information such as raw data tables, photographs of specimens,
or artefacts may be more appropriately inserted as appendices.
Example of table
Thank you