CARDIOPULMONARY

RESUSCITATION CPR

Done by:
MS.Salmah Awad
Out line:
Introduction
What is CPR
The heart and pulmonary system
Why you Start CPR Immediately?
Sequence of CPR
Main stages of resuscitation ( A,B,C)
Check responsiveness
When Can I Stop CPR?
Injuries Related to CPR
Choking( definition, causes, signs of choking)
Rescue action in choking
Introduction
For the life to continue, the body requires an
adequate supply of oxygen . If a casualty is
deprived of oxygen, the brain begins to fail,
after 3 or 4 minutes without oxygen, casualty
will lose consciousness the heart &
breathing will stop death will result.
 What is CPR?
It is a sequence of techniques used to
sustain life in the absence of spontaneous
breathing and heart beat
Together chest compressions and rescue
breath are called cardiopulmonary
resuscitation
The aim of CPR is to maintain victim's
breathing and circulation until emergency aid
arrives.
Why Start CPR Immediately

Life threatening .
Brain damage starts in 4-6
minutes
Brain damage occur after 10
minutes without CPR
Sequence of CPR:

Check responsiveness
Call for help
Correctly place the victim and ensure the
open airway
Check the presence of spontaneous
respiration
Check pulse
Start CPR

7
 Main stages of resuscitation

A (Airway) ensure open airway by preventing

the falling back of tongue
B (Breathing) start artificial ventilation of
lungs
C (Circulation) restore the circulation by
external cardiac compression

8
Check responsiveness:

Responsiveness
Tap shoulder and
shout Are you
ok?
 A Airway
Open the airway
-Head tilt chin lift Place one hand over the
forehead and tilt the head back.
Pick out any obvious obstruction from the mouth.

10
 B Check For Breathing
Look, listen and feel for
breathing
No longer than 10 seconds
second
-If the victim is breathing:
Place in recovery position
-If the victim is NOT breathing:
Ask for help and Give 2 rescue
breaths for fife times then
check for signs of circulation
 Mouth to Mouth Barrier Devices

Masks
Shields
 B (Breathing)
Make sure that airway is open.
Pinch the nose & open the
victims mouth.
If you have a face shield or
pocket mask place it over the
victims mouth.
Take a breath and place your
lips over around the victims
mouth.
Blow steadily into the victims
mouth until the chest rises
Maintaining open airway, take
your mouth off and see if chest
falls. 13
How to check for circulation:

Maintain a head tilt with one hand on the victims

forehead
Locate the trachea with 2 or 3 fingers of the other hand
Slide these fingers where you can feel the carotid pulse
Palpate for at least 5 seconds and no more than 10
seconds
 If signs of circulation exist:
Continue rescue give 1 breath every 3
seconds, every 2 minutes recheck
pulse.
If victim start to breath turn him into
recovery position
If signs of circulation are absent:
Begin giving chest compressions (
start CPR )
Compressions
Make sure the victim is lying on his back
on hard surface

Put the heel of one hand on the center of

the victims bare chest between the
nipples

Put the heel of your other hand on top of

the first hand.

Straighten your arms & position your

shoulders directly over your hands.
Chest compression continue:

Push hard and fast 1.5 to 2

inches with each compression

At the end of each

compression, allow the chest
to recoil completely

Deliver compression at a rate

of 100 compression per
minute
Rate of compression to breathing:

Compression rate for adult :

30:2
 When Can I Stop CPR?

Victim survive
Trained help arrives
Cardiac arrest longer than 30 minutes
How to place in recovery position
Injuries Related to CPR

Rib fractures
Laceration related to the tip of
the sternum
(Liver, lung, spleen)
Choking
Obstruction of the air way by foreign body(
food , object.)
 causes of Choking:
The tongue is the most common
obstruction in the unconscious
victim
Foreign body
Foods
Swelling (allergic reactions/
irritants)
Spasm (water is inhaled
suddenly)
Signs of choking
Poor or no air exchange
Week, ineffective cough or no
cough at all
High pitch noise while
inhaling or no noise at all
Increased respiratory difficulty
Possible cyanosis
Unable to speak
Clutching the neck with the
thump and fingers, ,making the
universal choking sign
unable to move air.
Standing or sitting responsive adult:
Activate the emergency response system.
Stand behind the victim and wrap your
arms around the victims waist.

Make a fist with one hand

Place the thumb side of your fist against
the victims abdomen, in the midline.

Grasp your fist with the other hand and

press into the abdomen with a quick upward
thrust
Repeat until object expelled or victims
become unresponsive.
 Lying down responsive adult:

If you find a responsive

adult lying down,
perform abdominal
thrusts with the victim
lying down
 Pregnant and obese victims;

Instead of abdominal thrusts

Perform chest thrusts
References:

BLS for health care providers, Student

manual .American heart association AHA
2006
Fundamentals Of Nursing Procedures
Book Second year Nursing,2008
First Aid Manual .
Thank you