SECURITY ISSUES IN NETWORKS

WITH INTERNET ACCESS

PRESENTED BY
Sri Vallabh
Aida Janciragic
Sashidhar Reddy
 Topics of Discussion

Principles for secure networking

Internet Vulnerabilities

Security building blocks

 Internet Security

Why do we need to study security in the

internet? Here are some reasons
Computer networks have lots of vulnerabilities and
threats
A hacker can log into my machine remotely and destroy
the information
A malicious program can wipe out data on hundreds of
computers causing huge losses
 Principles for Secure Networking

Questions to consider
What are we trying to protect?
What operations are authorized?
What is security parameter?
Principles continued

Know the configuration of the network hardware

and software
Know the vulnerabilities of the configuration
Know the threats and consider it in relation to the
vulnerabilities to asses the risk
Authenticate and authorize the accessto network
resources
Principles Continued..

Maintain audit logs

Have a plan to detect and respond to security

incidents

Ensure individual accountability

The Networks of TwoHands Corporation

TwoHands corporation develops, produces, and

markets specialized gloves used in waste disposal
and other safety related applications

The corporation has a Headquarters,a Research

Lab,several factories and warehouses in different
parts of the country
Continued

Let us discuss the five stages of development in

TwoHands Networks and consider in each stage
the problems associated with the network and the
possible remedies
 Stage1:Private Networks Only

Security Problems
1. Any user can access network traffic
2. Diskette drives on the client
workstations
3. PCs with modem connections
4. Insufficient training to authorized users
Continued

Possible Countermeasures
1. Introduction of an authentication system
for each user
2. Installation of virus detection software
and configuration monitors
3. Installation of temper resistant hardware
4. Security awareness training for
authorized users
Stage 2:Private Networks plus Read-only
Web Server
Security Problems
1. All the problems in stage 1
2. Denial of service attack
3. Unauthorized change to data on web
server
4. Web address spoofing
Continued

Possible Countermeasures
1. Use a reliable web server package
2. Keep abreast of the advisories provided
by CERT(Computer Emergency
Response Team), FIRST(Forum of
Incident Response Teams)
3. Proper maintenance of web server
 Stage 3:Private Nets Plus Forms-Based
WWW Server
Security Problems
1. Compromise of order information
2. Spoofing of order information
3. Loss of control over the web site
4. Customer information stored on ISP
host.
Continued

Possible Countermeasures
1. Using a secure web server like HTTP
2. Double checking the CGI scripts
3. Customer authentication
Stage 4:Internet Service through Firewall
with Forms-Based WWW Server
Security Problems
1. Attacks on internal systems via misconfigured
firewalls
2. Importing of malicious software or
exporting of sensitive information via
properly configured firewall
3. Compromise of identity of correspondents
4. Back doors into internal networks
Continued

Possible Countermeasures
1. Proper firewall configuration
2. Vigilant management of firewall and the
website
3. Provide proper awareness of security to
the internal users
 Stage 5:Virtual Private Networks

Security Problems
1. Contamination of internal database via
actions of cooperating companies
2. Service delays/denial for intranet traffic
due to Internet/ISP problems
3. Compromise or delay of intranet traffic
due to crypto mismanagement
4. Compromise of internal traffic patterns
 Continued

Possible Countermeasures
1. Using proper encryption methodology
2. Avoid same company as ISP all the sites
 Network Security Policy and Services

For any level of network security to be established

and maintained we need to understand:

what assets we need to protect

against what threats
to what degree
identify the elements of security policies
appropriate for networks
construct a security policy to meet the needs of network
decide on means for enforcing the policy
 Network security services

confidentiality (protection against eavesdropping)

integrity (protection against data modification)

authentication (assurance that the source of

the data is accurately identified to the recipient)

non-repudiation (inability of the sender to disavow

data the recipient receives)
 Vulnerabilities

Network

Sniffing
War Dialing

Protocol

Data-link-layer security
Network-layer security
Transport-layer security
IP origin forgery
 Above the application layer

System access control and authorization data structures

Malicious Software
Hidden Application Features
 Types of Encryption Algorithms

Symmetric
DES ( Digital Encryption Standard)

Asymmetric ( Public Key Cryptography)

RSA (Rivest Shamir Adleman)
DES
RSA
 Authentication

Cryptographic Hash Functions

MAC (Message Authentication Code)

Digital Signatures
 Security in TCP/IP Protocol Stack

Application Layer Encryption

Session Encryption

IP Layer Encryption
Relative Location of Security in TCP/IP Protocol Stack
SSL Protocol Operation
IP Security Scenario
 The Kerberos Architecture

Kerberos Ticket
Granting
Service

(1) request/receive TGS ticket (2) request/receive server ticket

(3) request service

Client Server
 Intrusion Detection

Network Based
Network Security Monitor, Network
IDS, Net Ranger, Tripwire etc

Host Based
Probes of host ports, password guessing
etc
Taxonomy of Malicious Programs
 Security Management Tools

SATAN (Security Analysis Tool for Auditing Networks)

ISS (Internet Security Scanner)
Tiger
Crack
Snoop
 Firewall
Firewall : a method used to prevent unauthorized
access to a private network

Internet

Trust
Types of Firewalls
 SOCKS

Firewall
Protected Internet
Network

SOCKS daemon
on firewall parses
request, checks Target of
access control communication
rules, and makes sends information
connection (proxy); back through SOCKS
Socksified daemon, which routes it
user app asks copy data back in through
firewall. to the user desktop.
SOCKS daemon for
circuit