AGC

DSP

Digital Signal Processing &

Digital Filters
An Introductory Course
By
Professor A G Constantinides
MSc, EE4, ISE4, PhD

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Digital Signal Processing &
DSP
Digital Filters
Contents
1-Introduction
1) Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
Review of background DSP
Review of mathematical methods
Review of discrete-time random
processes and linear systems

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Digital Signal Processing &
DSP Digital Filters
2) Multirate techniques and wavelets
Introduction to short-time Fourier analysis

Filter-banks and overlap-add methods of analysis

and synthesis
Introduction to generalised time-frequency
representation
Wavelet analysis

Multirate signal processing

Interpolation and decimation

Efficient filter structures for interpolation and

decimation
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Digital Signal Processing &
DSP Digital Filters
3) Classical spectrum estimation methods
Power spectrum, power spectral density functions,

random processes and linear systems

Introduction to statistical estimation and estimators

Biased and unbiased estimators

Einstein/Wiener Khintchine Theorem

Estimation of autocorrelations

Means and variances of periodograms

Smoothed spectral estimates, leakage

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Digital Signal Processing &
DSP Digital Filters
4) Modern spectrum estimation methods
Introduction to modern spectral estimation:

Principles and approaches

Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) and Efficient

estimators
The Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) or

Autoregressive Power Spectrum Estimation:

Principles.
The MEM equations and Levinson/Durbin

algorithm

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Digital Signal Processing &
DSP Digital Filters
4) Modern spectrum estimation methods
(continued)
Introduction to Linear Prediction

Linear Predictive Coding using covariances

and correlations
Cholesky decomposition

Lattice Filters

Linear Prediction of Speech Signals

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Digital Signal Processing &
DSP Digital Filters
5) Adaptive signal processing
Introduction to adaptive signal processing

Objective measures of goodness

Least squares and consequences

Steepest descent

The LMS and RLS algorithms

Kalman Filters

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Digital Signal Processing &
DSP Digital Filters
6) Applications
Communications

Biomedical

Seismic

Audio/Music

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DSP DIGITAL FILTERS
Digital Filters
In this course you will learn:

How to choose an appropriate filter

response.
Why Butterworth responses are maximally
flat.
Why Chebyshev and Elliptic responses are

equiripple.
When to choose an IIR and when an FIR

filter
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DSP DIGITAL FILTERS
How do you design FIR and IIR filters from
specifications on amplitude performance?
What are multirate systems and their
properties? What is interpolation /
Upsampling and Decimation / Downsampling?
How do you design efficient Decimation and
Interpolation systems?
What are frequency transformations and how
do you design these?
How accurate is the DFT as a spectrum
estimator?
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DSP DIGITAL FILTERS
What are short FFT algorithms?
How do you choose the required
wordlength?
What are Fast Convolutions and how
are they realised?
How do you deal with a DSP problem in
practice?

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DSP Course content
Assumed DSP background

DSP Background folder

1-Introduction
2-z transform
3-transfer functions
4-Signal Flow Graphs
5-digital filters intro

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DSP Course content
2-Digital Filter Design
1-Digital Filters (FIR)

2-Digital Filters (IIR)

3-Multirate
1-Interpolation_Decimation

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DSP Course content
4-Tranforms
1-DFT

2-DFT_one2two

3-general transforms

4-Wavelets

5-Finite Wordlength
1-Finite Wordlength

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DSP Course content
6-Spectrum Estimation (Assumed
background in Mathematical
Background folder)
1-Fourier transform & DFT
2-FFT-based Power Spectrum Estimation
3-Modern Spectrum Estimation
4-Intro-Estimation
5-Eigen-based methods
6-A Prediction Problem
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DSP Course content
7-Adaptive Signal Processing
1-Adaptive Signal Processing

8-Applications
1-Applications

2-Applications

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 Digital Signal Processing &
AGC
DSP Digital Filters
BOOKS
Main Course text books: Digital Signal
Processing: A computer Based Approach, S K
Mitra, McGraw Hill
Mathematical Methods and Algorithms for
Signal Processing, Todd Moon, Addison
Wesley
Other books:

Digital Signal Processing, Roberts & Mullis,

Addison Wesley
Digital Filters, Antoniou, McGraw Hill

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DSP DIGITAL FILTERS
Analogue Vs Digital Signal Processing
Reliability:
Analogue system performance degrades due to:
Long term drift (ageing)
Short term drift (temperature?)
Sensitivity to voltage instability.
Batch-to-Batch component variation.
High discrete component count
Interconnection failures
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DSP DIGITAL FILTERS
Digital Systems:
No short or long term drifts.
Relative immunity to minor power supply
variations.
Virtually identical components.
ICs have > 15 year lifetime
Development costs
System changes at design/development
stage only software changes.
Digital system simulation is realistic.
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DSP DIGITAL FILTERS
Power aspects
Size

Dissipation

DSP chips available as well as ASIC/FPGA

realisations

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DSP Applications
Radar systems & Sonar systems

Doppler filters.
Clutter Suppression.
Matched filters.
Target tracking.
Identification

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DSP DIGITAL FILTERS

Image Processing
Image data compression.

Image filtering.

Image enhancement.

Spectral Analysis.

Scene Analysis / Pattern recognition.

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DSP DIGITAL FILTERS

Biomedical Signal Analysis

Spatial image enhancement. (X-rays)

Spectral Analysis.

3-D reconstruction from projections.

Digital filtering and Data compression.

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DSP DIGITAL FILTERS

Music
Music recording.

Multi-track mixing.

CD and DAT.

Filtering / Synthesis / Special effects.

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DSP DIGITAL FILTERS

Seismic Signal Analysis

Bandpass Filtering for S/N

improvement.
Predictive deconvolution to extract
reverberation characteristics.
Optimal filtering. (Wiener and Kalman.)
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DSP DIGITAL FILTERS
Telecommunications and Consumer
Products
These are the largest and most
pervasive applications of DSP and
Digital Filtering
Mobile Communications
Digital Recording
Digital Cameras
Blue Tooth or similar
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