SUBMITTED BY:

GROUP 1B
ARPIT AUGUSTINE B16072
KSHITIZ DEVGAN B16085
NITANSHI AGARWAL B16091
SHEFALI SETH B16107
SOURAV BHATTACHARYA B16113
BACKGROUND
About Aadhar

Vision: To empower residents of India with a unique identity and a digital platform to authenticate anytime, anywhere.

It is the largest biometric project of its kind currently in the world. The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI)
was constituted by the Central Government (via notification) in February 2009 to give each Indian resident a UID
number. UID will be a unique 12-digit number, which will store basic demographic and identity information of an
individual along with his/her biometrics (10 fingerprints, iris scan and photo).
As per the government, UID numbers will enable efficient delivery of government services by plugging leakages, and
facilitate inclusive development through improved targeting.
Some criticisms are that even though the UID project is unprecedented anywhere in the world both in population size
and application, no feasibility study was done prior; Proof of Concept studies were commissioned after the Authority
had already commenced operations and are being overseen by the Authority raising questions about independence.
Finally, the Chairperson of the Authority, Nandan Nilekani was appointed without a transparent appointment process.
The first UID number was issued on 29 September 2010 to a resident of Nandurbar, Maharashtra. The Authority has
so far issued more than 111 crore Aadhaar numbers to the residents of India.One of the biggest advantages of having
a 12-digit Aadhar number is that the government can link bank accounts of the countrys poor with it, and directly
transfer cash benefits and other subsidies. Nearly 40 million bank accounts in India have been linked with Aadhar.

Cumulative Expenditure up to October 2017: 8,793.90 Cr

BUSINESS CASE
In his speech during the National Lecture Series entitled Analysing and Envisioning India on 25
February 2011, Nandan Nilekani, then Chairperson of the Unique Identification Authority of
India informed the audience that one of the chief purposes behind the Unique Identity Number
(UID) project had been to address the problem of mobility of migrants.

The Home Ministry has launched the Automated Finger Print Identification Systems (AFIS) to
identify criminals; Rs.15,000 have been earmarked for every police station in the country to
purchase a fingerprint reader.

The government is licensing credit information companies (CICs) under the Credit Information
Companies (Regulation) Act 2005 to develop consumers credit profiles based on their
transaction history from banks, NBFCs, telecoms and insurance companies. CICs will use UID

Address and e-KYC, enables the Government of India to directly reach residents of the country in
delivery of various subsidies, benefits and services by using the residents Aadhaar
number only. UIDAI chairman Nandan Nilekani says Aadhaar can help ensure the money goes to
the people it is meant for. At present, an estimated one-third of Rs 1.5 trillion (a trillion equals
100,000 crore) meant for social sector schemes and subsidies does not reach the poor.

Consumer goods companies could design applications to monitor the supply chain and
improve connectivity with retailers in rural areas. Services such as insurance would
improve, as insurers would have better information about potential customers and be able to
offer more competitive rates.
SCOPE
The project scope consisted of delivering the following:

Delivering Aadhaar numbers universally to residents with a well defined turnaround time and
adhering to stringent quality metrics.

Collaborating with partners to set up infrastructure which provides convenience to residents for
updating and authenticating their digital identity.

Collaborating with partners and service providers in leveraging Aadhaar to serve residents
effectively, efficiently and equitably.

Encouraging innovation and providing a platform for public and private agencies to develop
Aadhaar linked applications.

Ensuring availability, scalability and resilience of the technology infrastructure.

Building a long term sustainable organization to carry forward the vision and values of the UIDAI.

Making it attractive for the best global expertise in different fields to collaborate and provide
valuable insights to the UIDAI organization.
STAKEHOLDERS
The project consists of following stakeholders:
Stakeholder Description
name
Resident Resident means an individual who has resided in India for a period or periods amounting
in all to one hundred and eighty-two days or more in the twelve months immediately
preceding the date of application for enrolment
Registrar "Registrar" means any entity authorized or recognized by the Authority for the purpose of
enrolling individuals.
Enrolment Enrolment Agency means an agency appointed by the Authority or a Registrar, as the case
Agency may be, for collecting demographic and biometric information of individuals.
Banks and Banks and other Financial Institutions interface with Aadhaar Payment Bridge (APB) and
Financial Aadhaar Enabled Payment System (AEPS) linking Aadhaar to bank account to accomplish the
Institutions goal of Targeted Delivery and Financial Inclusion
Authentication ASA shall mean an entity providing necessary infrastructure for ensuring secure network
Service Agency connectivity and related services for enabling a requesting entity to perform authentication
using the authentication facility provided by the Authority
Authentication AUA shall mean a requesting entity that uses the Yes/ No authentication facility provided by
User Agencies the Authority
(AUA)
KYC User Agency KYC User Agency (KUA) shall mean a requesting entity which, in addition to being an AUA,
(KUA) uses e-KYC authentication facility provided by the Authority
MILESTONES
The milestones through which the project passed is as follows:

Dec 2003: The citizenship bill passed in the Lok Sabha that for the first time spoke of an unique identity
card for people in border states. This was according to the recommendations after the Kargil war.
28 Jan 2009: Planning commission issued notification for formation of UIDAI.
June 2009: Nandan Nilekani appointed as the Chairman
July 2010: UIDAI published the list of 15 agencies qualified to provide training to personnel to be
involved in enrolment process. A list of 220 agencies qualified to take part in enrolment process was
also published
Feb 2012: A online verification system for Aadhaar was launched. Using this banks, telecom companies
and other government bodies can verify the identity of the person through his/her Aadhaar card
26 Nov 2012: Aadhaar linked DBT scheme launched by Dr. Manmohan Singh
Nov 2012: For the first time a PIL was filed in Supreme Court questioning the legality of the Aadhaar
project. The Supreme court ruled that the government cannot deny service to any individual based on
the absence of Aadhaar card
Mar 2014: Before the Lok Sabha elections various leaders of BJP including Subramanian Swamy
criticised the project. There was fear that the project might be scrapped once BJP comes to power
July 2014: Nilekani the former UIDAI chairman convinced the government of the merits of the project.
INR 20 Billion was allotted to the project. Also INR 300 Million was dedicated to the advertisement of
the project
Sept 2014: Phase 5 of the project started enrolment of people from UP, Bihar and other states
Mar 2015: Aadhaar Digilocker service was launched
Mar 2016: The Aadhaar bill was passed in the Lok Sabha
RISKS AND CHALLENGES
Opposition by NGOs as many poor people, not having aadhar, have been denied
basic amenities like food, LPG, etc., inspite it being a voluntary program
The unconstitutionality of aadhar as it was being rolled out as an executive program
and not via legislative authority
The biggest concern- data privacy of 1.2 billion people
Violation of right to privacy, as any person could now be easily tracked
Technological challenge: maintaining a database of 600+ million people who have
enrolled has never been tried before