Barriers of effective planning:-

Difficulty of accurate premising:-

planning exercise is undertaken under certain
assumptions of future events which are determined by a
large number of factors in the environment.

Problem of rapid change:-

The problem of change is more complex in long-
range planning than in short range planning.
 Internal Inflexibility:-
Manager while going through the planning process have to work in a
set of given variables. The major internal inflexibility are
psychological, policies & procedures, capital investment.
 External Inflexibilities:-
Three environmental factors generate inflexibilities for an
organizational planning:
political climate, trade unions, technological changes.
Political climate:- Attitude of govt. towards business.
Trade unions:- The existence of trade unions
Technological changes:- it has to face numerous problems.
 Time & cost factors:-
Planning process is quite a costly & time consuming process. Planning
cost increases if planning becomes more elaborate & formalized.
Failure of people in planning:-
lack of clear & meaningful objectives, lack of top mgt. support, lack of
delegation of authority, lack of adequate control techniques etc.
How to overcome to Barriers:-
Establishing climate for planning:-
Manager should create climate where ever person in the organization
takes planning action.
Initiative at top level:-
planning to be effective must originate at top level. because role of top
mgt. is unique & important.
Participation in planning process:-
Effective planning can take place by the participation of subordinate
managers.
 Communication of planning elements:-
If planning division has been created, it can communicate planning
aspects to various level managers.
Integration of long & short term plans:-
It is necessary that both long term &short term plans are fully integrated
in which short term plans should be taken as contributing to long term plans.