SHANTILAL SHAH ENGINEERING

COLLEGE , BHAVNAGAR

Research Skills(2710001)
Topic : ECG Authentication

Guided By: By:

Kiran Trivedi Bhoomi Patel
(160430705007)
 RESEARCH
Research means systematic investigation into and
study of materials and sources in order to establish
facts and reach to new conclusion.
Steps:
1. Define Research problem
2. Review of Literature
3. Formulate hypotheses
4. Preparing the Research design
5. Data collection
6. Data analysis
7. Interpretation and report writing
How the problem statement is identified
5 Ws
Who - Who does the problem affect?
Specific groups,organizations, customers, etc.
When - When does the issue occur? ,
When does it need to be fixed?
Why - Why is it important that we fix the problem?
What - What are the boundaries of the problem.
Where -Where is the issue occurring? Only in certain
locations, products etc.
 H-Index
The H-index is a measure of the number of highly
impactful papers a scientist has published. The larger
the number of important papers, the higher the h-
index, regardless of where the work was published.

To calculate it, only two pieces of information are

required:
1. The total number of papers published (Np) and
2. The number of citations (Nc) for each paper.
 Steps to Identify the research gaps
Refer the research papers In detail
Note down the abstract and the conclusion of the paper
Once again refer the paper and verify that the abstract and
the conclusion listed by the author is valid or not
List down which points are to be explained in the detailed
Verify that the reference number that are listed are
included in the paper and at right place
spot the spelling and grammatical error in the research
papers
At last see that the formatting is proper or not
 1. Electrocardiogram(ECG) Biometric
Authentication Using Pulse Active
Ratio(PAR)

Keywords:Biometric,electrocardiogram(ECG),feat
ure extraction, pulse active ratio(PAR)
Critics :PAR(Pulse Active Ratio) technique is used
to generate ECG feature vector. In this technique
10% improvement compared to Beil and Israels
feature extraction method.
Strength :Comparison with figure is explained
well.
 2. ECG-Cryptography and Authentication in
Body Area Networks
Keywords : Electrocardiogram(ECG),energy
consumption,fuzzy vault,monic polynomial,wireless body
area networks(BANs)
Critics : The proposed ECG-IJS key agreement can secure
the data communications over BAN without any key
distribution overhead.
Strength :
This scheme achieve energy efficiency
Simulation and experimental results are present
Research Gap:
Path loss
Large number of Sensors
 3. ECG Authentication for Mobile
Devices
Keywords : Biometrics,electrocardiogram(ECG)
authentication,electrocardiography,human
identification,mobile authentication,mobile security,portable
ECG
Critics :The algorithm has achieved 1.41% false acceptance
rate and 81.82% true acceptance rate with 4 s of signal
acquisition
Strength :It is the first approach on mobile authentication that
uses the biometric authentication.
Research Gap: Need to optimize accuracy while monitoring a
short acquisition time for authentication
Application : Nymiband
4. ECG Authentication System Design Based on
Signal Analysis in Mobile and
Wearable Devices
Keywords:Authentication,biometrics,electrocardiogra
m(ECG),mobile and wearable environments,signal
analysis
Critics :In this paper after experiment results we get
false acceptance rate 5.2% and false rejection rate
1.9% at approximately 3 s of authentication and 30s
of registration.
Strength :This algorithm is implemented in a
wearable watch for verification of feasibility.
Application : Nymiband
 5. Continuous Authentication Using One-
Dimensional Multi-Resolution Local Binary
Patterns (1DMRLBP)in ECG Biometrics
Keywords : Biometrics,contiuous authentication,
pattern recognition, electrocardiogram, local binary
pattern
Critics : In this method an equal error rate (EER) of
7.89% is achieved in compare to state-of-the-art
works equal error rate(EER) 12.30%.
Strength :1DMRLBP is implemented with sequential
sampling to achieve a continuous authentication
system, 0.39% false rejection rate and 1.57% false
acceptance rate is achieved.