CCTV Basics

Adept Designs Pvt Ltd

 What is a CCTV system

A Closed Circuit Television (or CCTV)

system is used for visual (and frequently
audio) monitoring and recording events in
a defined area.
 Benefits CCTV system

CCTV surveillance in public facilities

CCTV surveillance in business set ups
CCTV in schools
CTVs for personal security
CCTV Contents
Camera/s
Digital Video Multiplexer
Recorder/s
Accessories
.
 Camera Types
.

Indoo
r Outdoor Dome

Speed Domes Day / Night

& PTZs
Dome Camera/s
A CCTV Camera having Dome
Shape is called a CCTV Dome
Camera, two specimen dome
camera.
 Box Type / C-Mount
A Box shaped camera which offers flexibility of
using different lens with it, as per requirement
of user, is called a C/CS Mount Camera
 Tube / Cylinder Shaped
. Cameras Having Cylindrical Shape is called a
Tube / Cylindrical Shaped Camera
Most Commonly used for IR Outdoor Camera
Specification Based Differentiation
Resolution Based
CCD Based
Outdoor Competence Based
Night Visibility Competence Based
SPDs
Connectivity Interface Etc
.
CDD Image CCD
A group of optical detector integrated circuits
Light is sensed by individual photo-diodes
(rows & columns of which = pixels)
Pixels develop a charge proportional to the
light level, which are then processed by the
cameras electronics > 1/3 inch CCD
 Lux Rating
This is the measurement used to determine
the amount of reflected light that is needed to
produce a usable picture.
The lower the number the less light is needed.
( i.e. a camera w/.5 lux needs less light than
one w/ 2 lux)
.
 Light Levels

Light level can vary enormously throughout the day and, therefore, the
correct choice of camera sensitivity for any given time usage is essential

Sunset Crescent Moon Full Moon Overcast End of Twilight

LUX =100~10 LUX = 0.1~0.01 LUX = 1~0.1 LUX =10000~1000 LUX = 1~ 0.1

Sunny Day Starry Night Street Light Twilight

LUX = 1~ 0.1 LUX = 1~ 0.1 LUX = 5~3 LUX = 5~1
Backlight Compensation (BLC
A function to block certain light sources
and brighten dark areas enables
verification of car license panels at night.
 Automatic Electronic Shutter
AES
Automatically adjusts the camera shutter to
compensate for light level changes
Allows the use of no iris, or manual iris lenses
Limited range for extreme lighting situations
Less daytime depth of focus compared to auto-iris
lenses
 Automatic Gain Control
AGC
Amplifies the video signal for better low light
performance
Turns on automatically in low light
Adds noise to the picture as a result of the video
being amplified
 Resolution Based Differentiation
Normal Resolution Cameras
(330 TVL-420 TVL)

High Resolution Camera

(420< -650 TVL)
 CCD Based Differentiations
CCD
1/3 CCD
CCD
1 CCD
Night Visibility Competance
Day Cameras

Day Night Camera/s & IR Came

 PTZ & SPDs
Panning Enable Cameras
Tilt Enable Cameras
Zoom Cameras
PT Cameras
PTZ Cameras
Speed Dome Cameras
 Digital Video Recorder
A DVR or digital video recorder functions a lot
like a VCR, except it uses a hard drive to
record, as opposed to videotapes. This means
that there aren't any tapes to cue, and there is
more recording time available. Like modern
VCRs, users of digital video recorders can
record television shows by entering
information such as channel, time, and date
into a recording menu
 DVR Configuration
4 Channels
8 Channels
16 Channels
32 Channels
64 Channels
128 Channels
DVR Main Specification Criteria
Frame/s-Real Time vs Non Real-Time
Networkable vs Non-Networkable
Remote Controlled
DVD Configured
Audio Interface
Alarm Interface
Hdds Support Criteria Etc
Digital Video Recording
 Digital Video Recording
Simplex: The ability to record or playback but not at the same time.
For live view it is only possible to see a single camera on the
monitor, multiple camera view is possible during playback.

Duplex: The ability to record and playback simultaneously. Multiple

live screen is possible. However, the monitor will only display live
images or recorded images.

Triplex: The ability to record and playback simultaneously. Multiple

live screen is possible and unlike Duplex operation the monitor will
display both live images and recorded images simultaneously
 Accessories are
CCTV Monitors
Camera Housing/s
Lenses
SPD Controllers
Power Supplies
Connectors Etc
 Monitor
Monitors to view the pictures from the camera come in a
number of types and sizes.
Flat TFT Screens
Choice of screen size 15,17,19 & 20
Single input VGA Video Graphic Array
Multiple input VGA & S-Video or RGB
 Monitor
Monochrome CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor
Choice of screen size 9,12 &17 & bigger
1000 TVL
Metal Cased
Colour CRT Monitor
Choice of screen size 10,14 &17 & 21
From 300 to 750 TV
 Camera Housing
Camera housings are designed to protect the camera
from weather, dust, vandalism, damage, etc
Types of Housings
IP rated
Weather Proof
Vandal Resistant
With or without brackets
With or without internal heaters
Wash & Wipe >
 Camera Housing
IP ratings are a measure of resistance to the penetration of solid
objects (e.g. dust) and liquids (e.g. rain!)
A product considered to be weatherproof would have a
rating of IP65 and above
- IP stands for Ingress Protection
- The first number (in this case 6) is the protection against solids
(0~6, 6 being dustproof)
- The second number (in this case 5) is the protection against liquid
(0~8, 8 being protected against constant submersion )>
 Power Supplies
Cameras and housings with heaters will require
power, mains or low voltage depending upon the
product you have chosen.
Where low voltage PSUs are required there are
various choices.
24v AV 500MA up to 4A
12v DC 750MA up to 4A >
 Connectivity
Types of Transmission
Coax, Fiber Optic, Wireless

The Camera
Typical rear view

Video out
(Uses BNC Audio Out
connection)
 Lencs
Types of Lenses
Focus Shift
Iris
Format
Angle of View
Minimum Object Distance (MOD)
F-Stop (F1.3)
 Types of Lenses
Fixed
Vari-Focal
Zoom
Day and NIght
 Vari-Focal
Lens which gives you variable focal lengths (ex. 3.0mm-8mm)
Must be re-focused after changing focal length
Allows you to stock/carry fewer lens
 Zoom
Gives you variable focal lengths
Maintains focus while changing focal
lengths (tracking)
Zoom lenses generally have motorized
zoom, focus, and iris functions. These are
controlled by the lens controller
 Fixed
Fixed view (4mm)
Focus Ring
C or CS mount
Inexpensive
Available in:
No Iris, Manual Iris,
Auto-Iris (Video or DC)
 Angle of View

2.8mm
85

Lens
 Angle of View

6mm
60

Lens
Angle of View

12mm
30

Lens
Angle of View

75mm
5

Lens
 Angle of View

6mm 75mm
60 5

2.8mm 12mm

85 30

Lens