Measurement Device for

Scoliosis Brace Design

BME 401 Progress Report Presentation
Amanda Brown, Kylie Nairon, Georgia Redd
Outline
Changes to Need Statement and Project Scope

Design Specifications with Metrics and Pugh weight

Spine Location Methods

Spine Positioning and Stabilizing Methods

Final Idea

Budget
Revised Project Scope
Orthotists are in need of an accurate way to determine changes in spine
position from external body adjustments for more efficient brace design. We
propose a new device which will allow users to simultaneously measure spinal
curvature and reposition the body. The device must be safe for both patients
and users and accurately reflect spine position, without significantly
increasing the cost of the process. By the end of April, we will deliver to Dr.
Joseph Klaesner and the BME 401 instructors a prototype of the proposed
device which will reflect the size and operation of the full product. In addition,
we will develop software to interpret the data obtained, which will provide
scoliosis doctors with the necessary specifications to make an accurately
fitting scoliosis brace. Once a model for the prototype has been made, we will
write instructions on how to use and reproduce the device.
Design Specifications
Accuracy
Precision
Sampling Rate
BMI Accommodation 5-50%
BMI Accommodation 50-95%
Height Accommodation
Accounts for gravity
Device Weight
Device Dimensions
Can be turned off when not in use
Design Specifications
Accuracy < 1mm error, 10
Precision
Sampling Rate
BMI Accommodation 5-50%
BMI Accommodation 50-95%
Height Accommodation
Accounts for gravity
Device Weight
Device Dimensions
Can be turned off when not in use
Design Specifications
Accuracy
Precision < 1mm error
Sampling Rate
BMI Accommodation 5-50%
BMI Accommodation 50-95%
Height Accommodation
Accounts for gravity
Device Weight
Device Dimensions
Can be turned off when not in use
Design Specifications
Accuracy
Precision
Sampling Rate > 1 fps, 9
BMI Accommodation 5-50%
BMI Accommodation 50-95%
Height Accommodation
Accounts for gravity
Device Weight
Device Dimensions
Can be turned off when not in use
Design Specifications
Accuracy
Precision
Sampling Rate
BMI Accommodation 5-50% 13.54 kg/m2 19.93 kg/m2, 9
BMI Accommodation 50-95%
Height Accommodation
Accounts for gravity
Device Weight
Device Dimensions
Can be turned off when not in use
Design Specifications
Accuracy
Precision
Sampling Rate
BMI Accommodation 5-50%
BMI Accommodation 50-95% 19.93 kg/m2 28.12 kg/m2, 3
Height Accommodation
Accounts for gravity
Device Weight
Device Dimensions
Can be turned off when not in use
Design Specifications
Accuracy
Precision
Sampling Rate
BMI Accommodation 5-50%
BMI Accommodation 50-95%
Height Accommodation 119.9 cm 187 cm, 8
Accounts for gravity
Device Weight
Device Dimensions
Can be turned off when not in use
Design Specifications
Accuracy
Precision
Sampling Rate
BMI Accommodation 5-50%
BMI Accommodation 50-95%
Height Accommodation
Accounts for gravity Yes, 8
Device Weight
Device Dimensions
Can be turned off when not in use
Design Specifications
Accuracy
Precision
Sampling Rate
BMI Accommodation 5-50%
BMI Accommodation 50-95%
Height Accommodation
Accounts for gravity
Device Weight < 26 kg, 7
Device Dimensions
Can be turned off when not in use
Design Specifications
Accuracy
Precision
Sampling Rate
BMI Accommodation 5-50%
BMI Accommodation 50-95%
Height Accommodation
Accounts for gravity
Device Weight
Device Dimensions < 61 cm wide, < 203 cm tall, 7
Can be turned off when not in use
Design Specifications
Accuracy
Precision
Sampling Rate
BMI Accommodation 5-50%
BMI Accommodation 50-95%
Height Accommodation
Accounts for gravity
Device Weight
Device Dimensions
Can be turned off when not in use Yes, 4
Spine Location Methods
Ultrasound and image analysis software

Ultrasound and image analysis software on device

Infrared imaging

Shore durometer matrix

Noninvasive sensors on the spine

Spine Location Methods
Ultrasound and image analysis software

Ultrasound and image analysis software on device

Infrared imaging

Shore durometer matrix

Noninvasive sensors on the spine

 Ultrasound with Image Analysis
Software

https://www.sourceortho.net/us2000-professional-portable- http://www.ultrasoundpaedia.com/neonatal-spine- https://www.spine-

ultrasound/?gclid=CjwKCAiAu4nRBRBKEiwANms5WyKM normal/ health.com/conditions/scoliosis/degener
w9LjVehnixV758SPtcLhSWdlMMSX3rb1g_79gthyOInxcHw ative-scoliosis
IqhoCt4QQAvD_BwE

Pro Con
Current technique known to High initial cost
orthotists
High accuracy between device Small viewing window
and actual spine location
Real-time measurements
Spine Location Methods
Ultrasound and image analysis software

Ultrasound and image analysis software on device

Infrared imaging

Shore durometer matrix

Noninvasive sensors on the spine

Ultrasound with Image Analysis
Software on Device
Pro Con

Mobile High initial

cost

Real-time App sized

measurements analysis
software
High accuracy
between device
and actual
spine location
https://engineering.wustl.edu/Profiles/Pages/William-Richard.aspx
Spine Location Methods
Ultrasound and image analysis software

Ultrasound and image analysis software on device

Infrared imaging

Shore durometer matrix

Noninvasive sensors on the spine

Infrared Imaging

Pro Con

High sampling rate Low accuracy

between measured
and accurate spine
location
Real-time Longer data
measurements processing time after
data collection
Spine Location Methods
Ultrasound and image analysis software

Ultrasound and image analysis software on device

Infrared imaging

Shore durometer matrix

Noninvasive sensors on the spine

Shore Durometer Matrix
Pro Con

Accommodates Expensive
all heights

High sampling Harder data

rate, large collection for
data set patients with
BMI 50-95%
Mobile
Spine Location Methods
Ultrasound and image analysis software

Ultrasound and image analysis software on device

Infrared imaging

Shore durometer matrix

Noninvasive sensors on the spine

Noninvasive Sensors on the Spine
Pro Con

High sampling rate = Low accuracy between

large data collection measured spine
location and actual
spine location in any
patient
Safe for both the High iteration of data
orthotist and patient collection
Small size Will have very low
accuracy in patients
with BMI 50-95%
Spine Positioning and Stabilizing
Methods
Orthotist controlled gliding pads

Board with seat-belt straps

Board with pegs and shelf

Orthotist gloves that sense force

Spine Positioning and Stabilizing
Methods
Orthotist controlled gliding pads

Board with seat-belt straps

Board with pegs and shelf

Orthotist gloves that sense force

Orthotist controlled gliding pads
Pro Con

Inexpensive Non-uniform
pressure
application
Accounts for Margin of
double major error in
curve distance
markings
Accommodates
all heights and
weights
Spine Positioning and Stabilizing
Methods
Orthotist controlled gliding pads

Orthotist gloves that sense force

Board with seat-belt straps

Board with pegs and shelf

Force Sensing Gloves
Pro Con

High sampling Expensive

rate

Safe for both Less accurate

orthotist and
patient
Applicable for Spatial
BMI 5-50% inconsistencies
and 50-95% between
patients
Spine Positioning and Stabilizing
Methods
Orthotist controlled gliding pads

Orthotist gloves that sense force

Board with seat-belt straps

Board with pegs and shelf

Board with Seat Belt Straps
Seat belt
Pro Con strap with
buckle

Accommodates
all heights and
weights track
Computer
Easy removal

Fully stabilizes
shoulders ultrasound
Spine Positioning and Stabilizing
Methods
Orthotist controlled gliding pads

Orthotist gloves that sense force

Board with seat-belt straps

Board with pegs and shelf

 Board with Pegs and Shelf

Pro Con
board

Accommodates Uncomfortable
all heights and
weights Computer
Safe to both Less ultrasound
orthotist and stabilizing
patient
 SLM Pugh Chart
Shore durometer
Noninvasive sensors matrix
WEIGHT U + IAS U + IAS on device on the spine Infrared imaging (mammometer)
Power required 4 6 7 7 7 8
Device Weight 7 10 10 10 7 9
Device Dimensions 7 10 10 10 7 10
Can be turned off when
not in use 4 10 10 10 9 10
Safety (to patient) 9 10 10 9 10 10
Safety (to orthotist) 9 10 10 10 10 10
First design = Final
design 9 8 8 5 7 8
Accuracy: correlation
between external spine
measurement and true
current spine location 10 7 7 4 6 4
Accommodates heights
5%-50% 8 10 10 10 10 10
Accomodates heights
51%-95% 8 10 10 10 10 10
Weights 5%-50% 9 8 8 8 10 9
Weights 51%-95% 3 10 10 2 8 5
Accounts for gravity 8 10 10 10 10 10
Time from
measurement to final
brace delivery 8 7 6 6 6 7
Initial cost 5 5 5 6 7 3
Cost per use 6 7 7 6 8 9
Sampling rate 9 9 8 9 10 9
SCORE 1072 1059 977 1040 1039
 SPM Pugh Chart
Board w/
Orthotist controlled gliding Board w/ window - seatbelt window - Gloves that can
WEIGHT pads straps pegs sense force
Power required 4 10 10 10 8
Device Weight 7 7 6 6 10
Device Height 7 8 6 6 10
Can be turned off when not in
use 4 10 10 10 10
Safety (to patient) 9 8 8 8 9
Safety (to orthotist) 9 10 10 10 9
First design = Final design 9 8 10 10 7
Accuracy: correlation between
system prediction and
outcome correction 10 8 10 10 8
Accommodates heights 5%-
50% 8 10 10 10 10
Accomodates heights 51%-
95% 8 10 10 10 10
Weights 5%-50% 9 10 10 9 10
Weights 51%-95% 3 10 9 9 8
Accounts for gravity 8 10 10 10 10
Time from measurement to
brace delivery 8 8 8 8 8
Initial cost 5 8 7 8 5
Cost per use 6 9 10 10 8
Sampling Rate 9 8 7 7 10
SCORE 1089 1095 1091 1098
Three Part Solution
Spine locating method
Ultrasound with image analysis software

Spine positioning method

Orthotist controlled gliding pads

Spine stabilizing method

Board with seat belt straps
Why?
Necessary to stabilize the shoulders for patient-patient reliability

Pressure pads to correct the spine

Ultrasound to confirm spine correction

Budget
Part Cost Seller

Four Neiko 01407A Electronic Digital

Calipers $67.40 Amazon Marketplace

Foam pads, knob, and screw (XCEL foam

rubber padding, M620 thumb screw) $20 Amazon Marketplace

Wood (positioning rods and back support) $20 Home Depot

Seat belt straps and two buckles $20 Joannes

Ultrasound machine Loan from WashU Med School Lab BME Department
Questions?

http://www.scolicare.com/scoliosis-braces/
References
Zheng, Yong-Ping, et al. A Reliability and Validity Study for Scolioscan: a
Radiation-Free Scoliosis Assessment System Using 3D Ultrasound
Imaging. BioMed Central, 2016,
scoliosisjournal.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13013-016-0074-
y?site=http://scoliosisjournal.biomedcentral.com.
 SLM Pugh Chart
Finite Infrared
Ultrasound + Element Fire Cupping Brace that coupled with Cross- Shore
Ultrasound + Image Modeling to attach Malleable solidifies - Dr. Scholl's ultrasound polarized UV durometer
Image Analysis on (improved Noninvasive Invasive sensors to Live-feed brace with like retainer Water weight mild light + matrix
Standing CT Scan + Analysis phone or from sensors on sensors on points on the Acupuncture rasterstereog sensors in mold for displacement distribution Infrared hyperthermi Bioluminens Photoacousti texture (mammomet Density
WEIGHT MRI Readjust Software iPad current) the spine the spine back with sensors raphy material teeth method scale imaging a ence c imaging tracking er) sensor
Power
required 4 2 3 6 7 7 7 6 8 8 7 7 10 7 8 7 5 9 4 7 8 8

Device Weight 7 2 2 10 10 5 10 10 9 9 6 8 9 5 7 7 7 10 2 7 9 9

Device
Dimensions 7 2 2 10 10 5 10 10 9 9 6 8 9 5 8 7 7 10 2 7 10 10

Can be turned
off when not
in use 4 1 3 10 10 10 10 5 10 8 10 9 10 8 10 9 9 8 7 10 10 10
Safety (to
patient) 9 9 5 10 10 5 9 3 7 6 10 8 7 8 10 10 8 2 8 9 10 10
Safety (to
orthotist) 9 7 8 10 10 6 10 10 9 10 10 10 8 10 10 10 10 8 9 9 10 10

First design =
Final design 9 10 9 8 8 4 5 6 6 5 1 10 10 3 2 7 8 8 9 7 8 8

Accuracy:
correlation
between
external spine
measurement
and true
current spine
location 10 9 10 7 7 4 4 9 4 5 5 5 5 3 1 6 7 5 8 3 4 3

Accommodate
s heights 5%-
50% 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Accomodates
heights 51%-
95% 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Weights 5%-
50% 9 10 10 8 8 10 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 9
Weights 51%-
95% 3 3 3 10 10 10 2 8 4 3 3 9 9 3 10 8 8 10 5 10 5 4
Accounts for
gravity 8 10 1 10 10 10 10 10 9 10 10 10 10 1 10 10 3 10 1 10 10

Time from
measurement
to final brace
delivery 8 10 3 7 6 5 6 6 6 6 5 7 6 4 4 6 7 4 7 5 7 7
Initial cost 5 1 2 5 5 9 6 3 9 6 9 8 7 6 8 7 4 3 1 7 3 3

Cost per use 6 1 2 7 7 10 6 3 9 7 9 4 7 8 10 8 6 5 2 8 9 9

Sampling rate 9 10 1 9 8 2 9 9 9 9 10 10 9 9 10 10 10 9 8 8 9 9
SCORE 879 662 1072 1059 836 977 943 980 951 959 933 1044 791 967 1040 866 938 804 896 1039 921
 SPM Pugh Chart
Discrete elements Computer- Human-controlled Gloves that can Malleable brace
WEIGHT - zip-tie method controlled glide glide sense force Load cells with load sensors
Power required 4 10 8 10 8 8 7
Device Weight 7 7 6 7 10 7 7
Device Height 7 9 8 8 10 8 10
Can be turned off
when not in use 4 10 10 10 10 10 10
Safety (to patient) 9 8 9 8 9 7 7
Safety (to orthotist) 9 10 10 10 9 9 8
First design = Final
design 9 8 8 8 7 7 9
Accuracy:
correlation between
system prediction
and outcome
correction 10 7 9 8 8 8 10
Accommodates
heights 5%-50% 8 10 10 10 10 10 10
Accomodates
heights 51%-95% 8 10 10 10 10 10 9
Weights 5%-50% 9 10 10 10 10 10 10
Weights 51%-95% 3 10 10 10 8 9 9
Accounts for gravity 8 10 10 10 10 10 10
Time from
measurement to
brace delivery 8 8 10 8 8 6 9
Initial cost 5 9 4 8 5 6 6
Cost per use 6 9 6 9 8 8 5
Sampling Rate 9 6 10 8 10 9 10
SCORE 1028 1069 1089 1098 1028 1074
SSM
Board w/ window - roller Board w/ window - Board w/ window - hook-
WEIGHT coaster securing bar seatbelt straps in armpit cradles Board w/ window - pegs
Power required 4 10 10 10 10
Device Weight 7 5 6 6 6
Device Height 7 6 6 6 6
Can be turned off when
not in use 4 10 10 10 10
Safety (to patient) 9 8 8 8 8
Safety (to orthotist) 9 9 10 10 10
First design = Final
design 9 10 10 10 10
Accuracy: correlation
between system
prediction and outcome
correction 10 10 10 10 10
Accuracy: correlation
between external spine
measurement and true
current spine location 10
Accommodates heights
5%-50% 8 10 10 10 10
Accomodates heights
51%-95% 8 10 10 10 10
Weights 5%-50% 9 8 10 9 9
Weights 51%-95% 3 8 9 7 9
Accounts for gravity 8 10 10 10 10
Time from measurement
to brace delivery 8 8 8 8 8
Initial cost 5 6 7 8 8
Cost per use 6 10 10 10 10
Sampling Rate 9 7 7 7 7
SCORE 1053 1095 1085 1091