Bit Selection

1
 Bit Classification

A Broad Overview

2
 Bit Classification
Drill Bits

Fixed Roller
Cutter Cone

Mill
PDC Diamond Insert
Tooth

Natural Impregnated Roller Journal

TSP Diamond Bearing Bearing
Diamond

3
 Bit Classification
Drill Bits

Fixed Roller
Cutter Cone

Mill
PDC Diamond Insert
Tooth

Natural Impregnated Roller Journal

TSP Diamond Bearing Bearing
Diamond

4
 Bit Classification
Drill Bits

Fixed Roller
Cutter Cone

Mill
PDC Diamond Insert
Tooth

Natural Impregnated Roller Journal

TSP Diamond Bearing Bearing
Diamond

5
 Bit Classification
Drill Bits

Fixed Roller
Cutter Cone

Mill
PDC Diamond Insert
Tooth

Natural Impregnated Roller Journal

TSP Diamond Bearing Bearing
Diamond

6
 Bit Classification
Drill Bits

Fixed Roller
Cutter Cone

Mill
PDC Diamond Insert
Tooth

Natural Impregnated Roller Journal

TSP Diamond Bearing Bearing
Diamond

7
 Bit Classification
Drill Bits

Alternative Names
Fixed Roller
Cutter Cone

Rock Bit
Tri-Cone PDC Diamond
Mill
Insert
Tooth

Natural Impregnated Roller Journal

TSP Diamond Bearing Bearing
Diamond

8
 Bit Classification
Drill Bits

Fixed Roller
Cutter Cone

Mill
PDC Diamond Insert
Tooth

Natural Impregnated Roller Journal

TSP Diamond Bearing Bearing
Diamond

9
 Bit Classification
Drill Bits

Fixed Roller
Cutter Cone

Mill
PDC Diamond Insert
Tooth

Natural Impregnated Roller Journal

TSP Diamond Bearing Bearing
Diamond

10
 Bit Classification
Drill Bits

Fixed Roller
Cutter Cone

Mill
PDC Diamond Insert
Tooth

Natural Impregnated Roller Journal

TSP Diamond Bearing Bearing
Diamond

11
 Bit Classification
Drill Bits

Fixed Roller
Cutter Cone

Mill
PDC Diamond Insert
Tooth

Natural Impregnated Roller Journal

TSP Diamond Bearing Bearing
Diamond

12
 Drilling Mechanics

An Introduction to
Drilling Mechanisms

13
 Failure Mechanisms
PDC BIT
Failure Mechanisms CONTINUOUS
SHEARING

Shear Failure

Compressive
Failure

ROLLER CONE BIT

CYCLIC COMPRESSION

14
 Rock Strength

Shear Strength
Compressive Strength

15
 Drilling Mechanisms

How Bits Cause Rock Failure

16
 Drilling Mechanisms

Pure Shear
Failure

17
 Drilling Mechanisms

Compressive
and Shear
Failure

18
 Cutting Elements
Teeth and Hardfacing

19
 Drilling Mechanisms

Compressive
Failure

20
 Cutting Elements

Tungsten Carbide Inserts

21
 Roller Cone Bits

Rock Bits
Rolling Cutter Bits
Tricone Bits CuttingStructure Type
Mill Tooth Insert

BearingType
Roller Friction

22
 Bearing Types
Roller Bearing

Commonly
sealed,
but may
be
unsealed.

23
 Bearing Types
Friction or Journal Bearing

Always
Sealed

24
 Cutting Elements
Shear revisited
Polycrystalline Diamond Compact

25
 Cutting Elements
19 mm
16 mm
13 mm
11 mm
8 mm

26
 Drilling Mechanisms

Shear Failure
PDC BIT
CONTINUOUS
SHEARING

27
 Drilling Mechanisms

Shear/Compressive
Failure

NATURAL DIAMOND
OR IMPREG BIT
CONTINUOUS
CRUSHING
& ABRASION
28
 Cutting Elements

Natural Diamonds
Size
Shape
Quality

29
 Cutting Elements
Impregnated Diamond Blades

30
 Cutting Elements
TSP

31
 Cutting Elements

PDC Strength Weakness

TSP
Diamonds
Impregnated
Diamonds
Hardfaced Teeth
Tungsten Carbide
Inserts

32
 Drilling Mechanisms

Gouging & Scraping Mill Tooth

Chipping and Insert

Crushing
Shearing PDC

Ploughing Natural Diamond

Grinding DuraDiamond

33
 Bit Classification

Application and I.A.D.C. Codes

34
 I.A.D.C. Codes
Tooth

Soft 1-1
1

2
1-3
3

2-1
Hard
35
 I.A.D.C. Codes
Tooth
Soft 4-1
1

Insert
2 4
3 5

7
8-3
Hard 8
36
 I.A.D.C. Codes
Tooth PDC
Soft

Insert
2 4
3 5

8
Hard
37
 I.A.D.C. Codes
Tooth PDC

Soft
1

Insert
2 4
3 5

6
Diamond
7
Hard
8
38
 I.A.D.C. Codes
Tooth PDC
Soft

Insert
2 4
Impregnated
3 5 Diamond

6
Diamond
7
Hard
8
39
 Bit Application Spectrum
PDC
Penetration Rate

Mill Tooth
Insert

Impreg
& Natural
Diamond

Formation Compressive Strength

DP
40
 Bit Selection

Which Bit Type Do You Choose?

41
 Bit Selection Process

Which

One ?

42
 Bit Selection - PDC Bits

Advantages
Very Fast ROP
Long Life Potential

Considerations
Impact Damage
Abrasiveness
Stability

43
 Bit Selection - Tooth Bits

Advantages
Fast ROP
Good Stability
Economic

Considerations
Tooth Wear Rate
Bearing Life

44
 Bit Selection - Insert Bits

Advantages
Cutting Structure Durability
Range of Formations
Interbed Tolerance
Steerability and Stability

Considerations
Slower ROP
Bearing Life

45
 Bit Selection
Impreg & Natural Diamond Bits
Advantages
Very Durable
Hard Rock Capability
Low Junk-in-Hole Risk

Considerations
Slower ROP
RPM Sensitivity
High Cost Applications
46
 The Bit Selection Process

47
 What Do We Look At?

Offset Data
Objectives

Geology

Limitations Other

48
Geology - Lithological Analysis

49
 Lithological Analysis
Potential Difficulties
Balling in Horda and Balder
Vibration in Grid Sandstone

Pyrite in Balder and below

Stringers (40k psi)
Abrasive sands
Hard Ekofisk Limestone

50
 Structural Geology

51
 Structural Geology

52
 Structural Geology

53
 Structural Geology

Faults
In Cusiana/Cupiagua
Fields of Colombia the
Same formation below
The Yopal fault is much
Harder & abrasive than
Above the fault.

54
 BPX COLOMBIA
5 0
4000

BA C 3S T 1S

3000
2 5
CSK10

CP H 15 BA JW P 1Z

2000
CSR9Z
2 0

BAB6
BADD22
B A Y 16
1000

CP A 1Z B A B 2V BAW 18
CSK 7 BADD17
BAC 3 CP Q 6Z CP B 4Z B A Z 12
BAD5Z
BAH15 B A CA 27 CPH 8 CS Q 4S T 2 Y
CSK2A BA Y 7Z CUSQ 4
BA A 1Z CSV 8 CPE 7
0
CS K 2A S T 1 CSK 6 CST 3X CPK5X CS Q 4S T 1 X U P D IP
CSM 1 BAZ 10 CSR 11 CPU 9
BAPB26
BAG 9
BAD24 BA G 8Z BA G 19Z B A A 23
BA X 11 Z
-1 0 0 0 CP B2V BAJ20

BA G 13Y

B A A 4Y CSU5Z B A X 14Y
2 0
-2 0 0 0

CP H 11

CP C 3X B A D21Z
CPE10
-3 0 0 0 2 5
5 0
-4 0 0 0 -3 0 0 0 -2 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

55
 Geology Local Features

Bunter Sandstone (UK southern North Sea)

Locally within Block 48 there is a hard, baked
crust on the top of this formation which makes
PDC application extremely risky. In adjacent
Blocks this feature is not present and the interval
can be effectively drilled with light-set, aggressive
PDC bits.

56
 Ensure This Knowledge Is Captured

57
 What Do We Look At?

Offset Data
Objectives

Geology

Limitations Other

58
 Wireline Logs and J OB NUM BER
Anadrill
COM PANY REP.
MWD/LWD BIT RUN SUMMARY

DATE IN DATE OUT M WD RUN NO. LWD RUN NO. RIG BIT RUN NO.
PAGE 1 OF 4
CELL M GR.

Mud Logs
20078 Hans J. Rusnes 01-Nov-00 06-Nov-00 3 1 3 B. Ribesen
COM PANY HOLE DEPTH - FROM TO COLLAR SIZE SONIC

Statoil 1277m 2589m M WD 8 1/4" CDR 8 1/4" ADN 8 1/4"

RIG NAM E DRIFT - FROM TO LAST CASING

Byford Dolphin 32.15 41.77 SIZE 13 3/8" DEPTH 1270 m

Morning Reports
WELL NAM E AZIM UTH - FROM TO BIT M FG / M ODEL / IADC CODE

15/6-A-2-H 179.89 336.47 Reed-Hycalog/DS130B1DF+NSUV/24510

LOCATION HOLE SIZE WATER DEPTH DOWNHOLE M OTOR TY PE / SIZE / SN

Glitne 12 1/4" 111.4m PowerDrive900 / 9 1/4" / 90004

FRAM E FORM AT USED / DTL M AG DEC / GRID T/F ARC T/F ANGLE BENT HOUSING ANGLE PUM PING HOURS FT/M DRILLED

and BHA Reports

2012-2014 -3.60 / -1.380 N/A N/A N/A 70 1312m
BIT-TO-SURVEY M ODULATOR GAP BENT SUB ANGLE TRANS FAIL RT TRANS HOURS RT TRANS FT/M

13.24m 0.12 N/A YES NO 70 1312m

BIT-TO-M 10 ROP B DEPTH TO GR-RES DEN-POR SON VALT / FLOW-M IN. VALT / FLOW-M AX LWD REAM HOURS LWD REAM FT/M

10.85m 22.21/18.86/34.74/35.97/28 2578 / 3550 2734 / 3566 1 26m

BIT GRADING-M EL CONE LOCK PUM P OUTPUT / TY PE J ETS / TFA LWD DRILL HOURS LWD DRILL FT/M

TEETH N/A YES NO GAUGE N/A 13.2 LPS / TRIPLEX 8*13 / 1.037 40 1312m
IADC CUTTING STRUCTURE B G REM ARKS EQUIV. DRILLING
INNER OUTER DULL BRNG/ GAUGE OTHER REASON
ROW N/A ROW N/A CHAR N/A LOCATION N/A SEALS N/A 1/16 N/A CHAR N/A PULLED TD TIM E 40
SOFTWARE VERSION BOT LWD BELOW ROTARY

IDEAL ID6_1x_12r ADVISOR N/A SPM 6.1C-05 Isonic 5.0B10 M -10 6.0B42 CDR 5.0C05 ADN 6.0x05 30 HRS. 100 HRS.

MWD PUMPING HOURS LWD PUMPING HOURS REAL TIME RECORDED TIME
CODE S/N START CUM CODE S/N START CUM HRS Fail Y /N FT/M HRS Fail Y /N FT/M

MMA 865 0 70 TEM P 70 N 1338

M TA 411 0 70 DWOB -
M EA 626 0 70 DTOR -
BHA/
M DI M AG -
M SSC GB 77715-4 0 70 ACC -
M SSC JC 304063-3 0 70 RGM 8989 0 70 SHK 70 N 1338
GRA 023 0 70 CDEA 387 0 70 TRAN -
RGEH/
TAA CDEH SUR 70 N 1338
RGAS/
PRS CDAS CDRES 70 N 1338
DFS CDLDS CDRGR 70 N 1338
DFS RGCS CDR TEMP 70 N 1338
MD
C 11779 0 70 RGLS CDR ECD 70 N 1338
SLK RNGS CDR S HK 70 N 1338
SZR NDDC ENP 001 0 70 LWD S ON 70 N 1338
RES NDPC FLS DSS DLS CDR ADN SONIC

IWOB NDPH FLW DSW DLW CDW CDW

ISS NDSE ENP 001 0 70 CDR RECORDED ONLY CDN RECORDED ONLY

M SB NDSS READ-OUT PORT TO BIT:

BSS NDPS CDR ## SON ADN 33.45 M -10 10.85

XOS NDLX CHECK SHOT TY PE:

CSB ISONIC DC&E 827 0 70 DEPTH: INCL: AZI:

OPERATING CONDITIONS
AVG ROP (m/hr) AVG RPM AVG PP (bar) AVG LPM END VIS END M UD WT. (sg) END M UD RES M UD ADDITIVES LCM

33 150 200 3500 28 1.45 OBM LCM HEM ATITE TY PE

BIT/SEC / CARRIER M AX CIRC TEM P (C) AVG WOB (T) AVG TORQ (kNm) M AX M WD SHOCK M AX SHOCK DUR. TDH SHOCK BEADS BARITE SIZE

3bps / 12Hz 85 4 12 - - 203 NONE GILSONITE CONC lb/BBL

M UD TY PE M UD CLEAN SAND % SOLID % BHA TY PE
F-FRESH H20 L-LIGNO O-OIL%_ _ _80
__ S-SALT H2O B-BUILD M -M OTOR S- STEERABLE

K-KCL M -LIM E M URREX P-POLY M ER X-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ YES NO 1.5 20 H-PACKED HOLE P-PENDULUM X-OTHER
TURBINE J AM M ING TOOL J AM M ING SY NC TIM E BIT TY PE M OD TY PE

ROTOR PRT. NO. STATOR PRT. NO. D-DIAM OND P-PDC A-PDC A N-NORM AL M3
M10 YES NO TIM E M INS. I-INSERT M -M ILL TOOTH X-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ S-SINUSOIDAL M 10
COLLAR NOISE PROBLEM S PRES INCR AT FAIL FLOAT SUB LOST RIG TIM E SURF. SY S FAIL TRIP TERM DUE CLIENT SURFACE BHA VIBRATION SURFACE
NORM AL SURFACE NONE DUE TO M WD DIRECTLY TO M WD INCONVENIENCE VIBRATION SCREEN
OTHER DOWNHOLE YES NO YES NO 2 HRS YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO
SUM M ARY

59
 Offset Data Bit Records

60
 1983 1986 1990

61
61
 Offset Data - Analysis
Bit Depth Out Interval Hours R.O.P. Dull Condition
ATX11H 2253 1311 69 19 2 2 BT M E I No HR
ATM22 2729 0 0 0 0 0 A E 0 TD
ATM22 2729 476 77 6.2 8 7 BT A E 2 BT PR
ATM22 2816 87 19 4.6 4 4 CT H E 1 JD TD

1st Run: Pulled too early

2nd Run: No footage
3rd Run: Major cutting structure
damage
4th Run: Junk damage?
Almost a two bit section
62
 Types of Vibration
Axial
up and down movement of the
string along its central axis.

Torsional
twisting of the string

Lateral
pendulum-like swing or combination of
all three

63
 Cutting Structure Other Reason
Bearings/
Gauge Dull Pulled
Seals
Inner Outer Dull Char. Location Char.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

3 Major Dull Characteristics (Use only Cutting Structure Related Codes)

*BC - Broken Cone
BF - LS Bond Failure
BT - Broken Teeth/Cutters
BU - Balled Up Bit
*CC - Cracked Cone
*CD - Cone Dragged
CI - Cone Interferance
CR - Cored
CT - Chipped Teeth/Cutters
ER - ErosionR - Erosion
FC - Flat Crested Wear
HC - Heat Checking
*LC - Lost Cone
LN - Lost Nozzle
LT - Lost Teeth/Cutters
OC - Off Center Wear
PB - Pinched Bit
PN Plugged Nozzle/ Teeth/Cutters
Flow Passsage
RG - Rounded Gauge
RO - Ring Out
SD - Shirrtail Damage
SS - Self Sharpening
Wear
TR - Tracking
WO - Washed Out Bit
WT - Worn
NO - No Dull
Characteristicstics

64 *All in RED could be VIBRATION INDUCED

Offset Data Dull Bit Analysis

65
 ROP (fph)

0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160

66
12470
12525
12580
12635
12690
12745
12800
12855
12910
12965
13020
13075
13130
ROP

13185
13240
13295
13350
13405
13460
Average Torque

13515
Offset Data

13570
13625
ROP v Average Torque v Depth

13680
13735
Parameters Analysis

13790
13845
13900
13955
14010
0
5
10
15
20
25

Torque (Kft/lbs)
 Offset Data Benchmarking
Average well performance

Average interval performance

Average single run performance

Selected Averages (Best or most recent)

Selected Averages (by other data)

67
 What Do We Look At?

Offset Data
Objectives

Geology

Limitations Other

68
 Defining the Objective
Ask the customer(s) what they want!!!

Durability, ROP, Directional, Cost,

Dull Condition, Hours, (usually all)

Determine the feasibility

Finalize and agree upon objectives

69
 What Do We Look At?

Offset Data
Objectives

Geology

Limitations Other

70
Recognizing the Limitations
Operational restrictions (rig specs, etc)

Contractual restrictions

Economic restrictions

Changing the mindset

71
 What Do We Look At?

Offset Data Objectives

Geology

Other
Limitations

72
 Other Factors (Mud)

Mud Properties (base fluid, density, additives, etc)

Bit Hydraulics (especially critical in WBM)

Maximum/Minimum Flow Rates

Mud lubricity (effects on vibration & Impreg Bits)

73
 Other Factors
ROP & Mud Weight vs Well
Number
20.00 -2.00
18.00 -1.80
16.00 -1.60

(Sg)
Mud Weight
14.00 -1.40
ROP (ft/hr)

12.00 -1.20
10.00 -1.00
8.00 -0.80
6.00 -0.60
4.00 -0.40
2.00 -0.20
0.00 -0.00
D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D24 D24
ave rop st

mud wt Well Number

74
 Other Factors
Logistics
Remote locations require large inventory load
out

Contingency Planning
Need to cover all potential possibilities
Can only be achieved by effective
communications

Economics
Potential impact on TOTAL revenue

75
 Bit Selection

Questions ???

76