Site Analysis

Site Analysis
An Outline for Architectural Pre -design
Covering
Resource Analysis Circulation
Land Use Utilities
Regulation Landscape Design
Land Form Sample Project
1
Table of Contents
Resource Analysis: Circulation:

Context 3 Pedestrian 24
Natural & Cultural Elements 4 Vehicular 25
Climate 5
Hydrology 7
Soils 9
Flora 12
Land Use: Utilities:
Historic Elements 14 Services & Distribution 26
Design Elements 15 Drainage & Waste Systems 28
Regulation: Landscaping:
Zoning Codes & Ordinances 16 Design Concepts 30
Accessible/Barrier-Free Design 19 Materials 32
Land Form: Sample Design Project:
Topography 20 Program 34
Grading 22 Available Sites 35
Design Solution Format 38
Site Analysis: Architectural Pre-design 2007 Mark A. Comeau, AIA All Rights Reserved 2
Context
Cultural: Natural:
Ethnicity Land Form
Religion Geography
Social Structure Climate
Political Structure Flora/Vegetation
Economic Structure Fauna/Animals
Elements
Cultural Natural
Ethnicity: Landform:
lineage topography
composition (soils, stones, water bodies)
traditions
features (streams, rivers, coast, seas, mountn)
heritage
Geography:
customs
elevation
Religion: region (n/s/e/w, hemisphere, lat/longitude)
value systems characteristics (island/land mass)
beliefs Climate (affected by):
burial rites sun
rituals earths rotation
Social Structure: earths surface characteristics
language location on earth
community time of year
Flora (vegetation):
values
Aquatic;
Political Structure: estuarine palustrine
democratic marine lacustrine
riverine
socialist
Terrestrial;
monarchy forest desert
dictatorship savanna tundra
grassland
Economic Structure:
Fauna (animal):
tradition
Habitat;
mutual or democratic 1. Food 2. Water
command 3. Cover 4. territory
veiled power or physical coercion
market
supply/demand and a striving for universal upward
Climate
Atmosphere: Temperature:
climatology measured by wet bulb and dry bulb
meteorology Degree days:
Weather - a brief event given - a base temp. of 65: take the difference between the
Climate - an ongoing accumulation of weather at a place over a base temp. and the average temp for the month and multiply
by the number of days in the month.
number of years
This is used in calculating fuel requirements as the number of
Dr. Koppens scales of reference: BTUs gained by a unit of fuel is relative to the number of
macro (global, affected by sun and earth)) BTUs required to offset the degree-days above or below the
mese (intermediate variations influenced by land mass, bodies base temp.
of water, etc.) Factors that affect Temperature:
micro climate of a particular region of distinct characteristics) landform and affects on temp.:
Climate conditions: air movement
1. Sun 4. Humidity temp decreases 3.5/1000 ft. of elevation rise
2. Temperature 5. Wind water bodies and valleys posses natural ventilation as humid
air can become warmer and cool air sinks
3. Precipitation
aspect or orientation of slopes
Sun: affects the water cycle and along with winds, forms clouds leeward side of water bodies can be cloudy - clouds insulate
and rain - a key factor of life cycle through photosynthesis. The against both insolation and evening radiational cooling
sun produces electromagnetic energy, reaching the earth as (macro=north American jet stream, mese=great lake region,
direct radiation which gets reflected and refracted. micro=Buffalo, NY)
flora, through transpiration affects temp through various
Albido is the % of solar radiation reflected by the earth;
ground-cover characteristics
Sun position described by: albido (reflectance), i.e. snow cover (95%) water (3-10%),
altitude (angle of measure off the horizon {horizontal}) meadows and fields (1-5%)
azimuth (lateral angle of measure in relation to compass)
isogonic maps (corrected 14.5 east of north for magnetism)
glare: primary (direct solar glare) and secondary (reflected
off biotic {natural/alive} or abiotic {man-made/not alive}).
Climate Contd ...
Precipitation (falling condensation): Wind (natural movement of air by earth energy)

types of: 6 semetrical wind belts globally
rain jetstreams - upper-level air currents moving from the equator
snow (1 rain = 10 snow) to the poles, usually around 200 mph
hail local winds - controlled by micro-climate affects previous
freezing rail
Properties:
Factors that affect precipitation:
direction (indicated by the direction which it comes from)
temperature at the cloud strata
speed(indicated in mph or knots; 1 knot=1.15 mph)
temperature at the ground strata
relative humidity Disadvantages:
landform: it directs air masses, windward slopes are cool and destruction of life and property
humid, leeward slopes are warm and dry discomfort (wind chill)
Humidity (the amount of water vapor in the air) erosion
relative humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air Advantages:
relative to the temperature and the amount required for
increased thermal comfort
saturation (100% saturation is called the dew point
recreational activities
humid air effected by plants (evaporation)
natural wind-borne life cycle (disbursing seeds)
human body comfort both physical and mental and effected by
temperature, air movement, radiation and humidity - the body Architectural affects:
tries to maintain 98.6 through radiation & evaporation. venturi effect: negative pressure on leeward side of wind
human comfort zone can be accomplished through ideal obstruction
combinations of temp. and humidity as described on the 5-20xh=non-wind effected area
psychometric chart. upward lift on building materials
Hydrology
Earth Realms: Paths back to the ocean contd.

atmosphere Surface
lithosphere inorganic alone, together theyre biosphere two kind of flow 1. runoff (over land) 2. flow (stream)
hydroshpere Drainage (occurs through networks of overland flow & channels):
Hydroshpere (the entire water realm of the earths surface, earths coefficient of runoff=the fraction of precipitation which is not
surface ground water and water held in the atmosphere: lost to infiltration, the whole #1=100% (note handout)
97% oceans and seas flow: always perpendicular to the contours, the closer the
2% atmosphere contours, the faster the flow (never going uphill)
.97% soils vehicles: creeks, streams, rivers respectively
1st order=no contributaries
.03% streams, rivers, lakes
2nd order=two contributaries
Hydrology (the science of the behavior of water)
3rd order=2nd contributaries
Hydraulic cycle (the waters of the atmosphere, land and ocean moving
drainage system: a specific boundaried area containing 1st, 2nd
in a great series of interchanges
and 3rd order contributaries, usually bounded by a topographic
two shifts 1. Location 2. State (phases) divide and powered by the movement of gravity
evaporation: water moisture (rain, snow, water bodies) Hydrologic Factors:
evaporates and goes back into air
functional (for drinking, bathing, waste removal, washing)
transpiration: surface plants move moisture through their roots
aesthetic (moral, senses, ordering element)
to their leaves and thus transpire moisture into air
usage (one person uses 100 gal./day ave.)
Paths back to the ocean
eutrophic process (the natural and unnatural aging of a water
subsurface
body where sediments collect on the bottom and algae blooms
gravity driven infiltration
at the top, thus using up O2 and killing living organisms)
porosity (volume of air), permeability (ease to move thru)
erosion (the stripping, carrying and placement of sediments)
soil-water belt (where plants get their moisture)
type & texture of soil
ground water belt (aquifers - limit of use mile but depths up
to 10 miles) type of ground cover
aquifer (fully saturated pocket of water) slope geometry
water perch (a source of water located above the water table) runoff volume
Hydrology Contd ...
Flooding (positive occurrence of nature): Water: has vital effect on human and animal emotion.
riverine: all water moving over land draining slopes into the Emotional: recreational aspects include fishing, skiing,
ordered networks or systems - flooding occurs when channel swimming, boating, etc.
capacity is exceeded. water transpires negative ions and this is felt emotionally
BFE = base flood elevation Aesthetic: every culture has its own values of beauty yet water
dealt with through: dams, levies, water storage, banks, wetlands can be perceived through he senses
coastal: all ocean and sea fringes impacted by tidal wave Symbolic: water symbolizes life, birth, rebirth and is related to
movement rites and passages
B Zone: special permission required for development
A Zone: same as above and subject to flooding
Religious: closely related to symbolic as it represents
V Zone: same as above and subject to high winds and waves
purification, washing away of sins, protecting.
Ecosystem (a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms
within their environments)
Aquatic Ecosystem:
estuarine forest
Dilution is the solution to pollution!
marine savanna
riverine grassland
palustrine desert
lacustrine tundra
Soils
Soil: the transition between air, water, and life on the Sediment: organic material with sediments;
surface of the earth and the bedrock of the Regolith: solid rock mineral of same material as bedrock
subsurface. The breaking-up of bedrock is the Bedrock: the parent material
creating of soil, occurring rapidly or over hundreds
of years. Comprehensive Soil Classification System:
To: engineers, it supports structures; SCS-Soil Conservation Service; an international
effort to classify all types of soils (in the 1950s) into
farmers, its a plant growing medium; six classification categories:
geologists, its an instruments to understand the 1) Orders, 2) suborders, 3)great groups, 4) subgroups, 5)
underlying bedrock. familiar groups, 6) series.
Changes: Series: have similar profiles; morphology: a general
apparent material; term for the form or structure of something.
climate Series>phases.
living organisms Soil Composition (soils of organic/inorganic)
relief water
time air
sediment organics
regolith plants
animals
bedrock mineral particles
gravel 2mm +
sand 2mm to .05mm
silt .05mm to .002mm
clay .002mm <
Soils Contd ...
Gravel & Sand - increase ariation and little moisture Texture classifications based upon particle size,
containment; effects include bearing capacity, drainage, and
Silt & Clay - good moisture containment capacity and erosion.
contains nutrients. Unified Soil Classification System (based on texture
Soil Morphology Cross-Section: described in terms of and performance) is broken down into three basic
layers (horizons) assumed parallel to the earths groups;
surface. Major horizons have been given specific coarse grain soils
code designations (see board illustration) fine grain soils
highly organic soils
O = organic material form this layer O horizon and
range from unadulterated upper level layer (duff-that (see USDA texture triangle handout)
which falls upon the forest floor) down to the humus
layer (formed by decomposition of duff). clay silt
A = the uppermost layer of the mineral profile and
holds the most organic matter of the horizon.
Ap = topsoil layer borders between A & B horizons.
sand
B = subsoil, very fine particle and mineral
accumulation
C = substratum, layer of unconsolidated material and Bearing Capacity:
rock
formed from the breakup of bedrock and uninhibited
coarse grain soils (sand and gravel)
by organic materials (regolith).
fine grain soils (clay and silt)
R = underlying consolidated bedrock (bedrock).
Soils Contd ...
Engineering Drawing Symbols: Slope stabilizing Techniques:

plantings
Boring Symbol Test Hole Data rip-rap
mulch
Three types of organic soils: retaining walls
humus erosion is the process by which the surface is warn
loam away by action of the natural elements.
peat (muck) Two major soils in S.E. New England:
Engineering Factors: glacial till
shrinkage & swelling, bendenite is clay sandwiched outwash
by cardboard and when moisture gets in it expands
the clay thus sealing a foundation joint
frost penetration expands clay
subsidence (the sinking of land)
caused by loose fill, organic soils
voids created by subsurface sedimentation
sliding of materials
bearing capacity determinants
Flora
Flora: plants of a particular region. Biotic Community: a local association of plant and
Biosphere animals which are inter-dependent and often
Aquatic: found together.
estuarine Habitat: a type of physical environment which has
marine a characteristic biotic community.
riverine Connecticut: a forest biome - mid latitude,
palustrine predominantly disciduous, concentrations of
lacustrine conifer.
Terrestrial: Vegetation (flora):
forest floristic: (Latin {botanical} names of plants.
savanna Structural elements:
grasslands upper story (trees)
desert under story shrubs/herbs/grasses)
tundra size stratification
Biome: a complex or assemblage of plant and coverage (barren or continuous coverage)
animals characterized by a distinct type of
vegetation.
Flora Contd ...
Physical Relationships: Architectural Uses:

environmental regulation (provide oxygen) direction enclosure
climate control screen/barrier connect
productivity focal point frame a vista
visual quality Arrangements:
emotional satisfaction natural (Frank Lloyd Wright)
Symbiotic Relationship: classical (Versailles)
trees clean the air (4 tons of dust/year) topiary (specific sculptural shapes)
provide oxygen Habitats:
water containment open land, wood land, wet land
enhance micro climate through transpiration wild areas (hundreds of sq. mi.s)
bear fruit (provide sustenance) wild patches (20-40 sq. mi.s)
wild enclaves (marsh, swamp {palustrine})
provide paper & other goods
wild corridors (rivers, power line corr.)
the eye is most sensitive to greens/yellows exotic means artificial man-made landscapes)
500 microns wild life parks specifically built f/wildlife)
spatial modulation & defining borders
Historic Elements
Land Use Study Behavioral Analysis

inventory uses, identify constraints & opportunity; indirect observation
master plan, a flexible guideline for land use; direct observation
gather data: remote sensing, formal field study, plat direct communication
maps and insurance maps (Sanborn/FIRM) participatory analysis
Land Use Inventory Patterns of Development
cover: vegetation, soils, water bodies/channels; goods
circulation access: interstates, arteries, tributaries; farming
utilities: water, waste, gas, elect, communications; mercantile commerce
ownership: private, municipal, corporate; textile manufacturing
nuicances: visual, auditory, safety, odors; assembly plants
linkages: of people, goods and waste.
services
Humanity Elements technology
social: pertaining to life & welfare of humans; professional services
economy: pertaining to production & distribution of educational institutions
goods and services, income & wealth
entertainment
Design Elements
Visual Elements Natural

size/shape of spaces geography
degree of visual enclosure location to water bodies, transportation routes,
natural resources;
features/views/vistas
topography
sense of place
mountains, planes, rolling hills
Spatial Factors
climatology
planes: base, overhead, vertical; temperate humid
base: ground, floor hot arid
overhead: sky, ceiling, forest canopy tropical
vertical: vegetation, topo, walls
Cultural
enclosure: sense of enclosure defined by
forms
natural and cultural elements;
materials
definition: light, color, texture, form
densities
Zoning, Codes & Ordinances
Regulation: land use controls and management Site Planning Aspects

techniques with legal constraints to maintain use: each zone within a municipality has a
public health, safety and welfare. coded use recommended for development;
Zoning Regulation: commenced in NY city in configuration: refers to front, side(s) and rear
1916 as a form of control by power of local, setbacks and regulates % lot coverage, lot
state and government regulation for the dimensions, height limitations.
health, safety and welfare of society. intensity: FAR (see description left);
Controls include: access & parking: moving of people, goods,
% of lot coverage; services and waste.
FAR (floor area ratio), a function of the entire
living space in a structure to the size of the lot; Definitions
building height; setbacks: physical dimension, creates a
bulk restrictions for lot density - front, side prescribed horizontal envelope which
and rear setback. structures can be built within;
FAR: a ratio of total building floor area to
total lot size;
height: physical dimension, creates a
prescribed vertical envelope;
density: unit land/dwellings, dwellings/unit
parking: #spaces/dwelling or /sqft. Bldg.
Zoning, Codes & Ordinances Contd ...
Regulation Flexibility Modern Zoning

variances: formal relief granted by a zoning most zones are modeled after zoning already
board to vary from the regulations; in place in other areas, countries, etc.;
zone change: formal change in zone many zones designed to create a particular
designation for a prescribed area of a characteristic in an area;
particular town good zoning is always flexible to holistic
re-zone w/conditions: spot zone allowed change in a towns fabric, impacted by:
when the town receives an amenity in the power base
exchange for zoning relief; social factors
cluster development: standard massing and economic factors
density for a particular site; political factors
planned unit development: varying massing town fabric is part planning - part luck.
and density but the aggregate site must
conform to zoning regulations;
historic districts: preserve the historic &
cultural heritage through dev. Control;
aesthetic controls: deed restrictions which
control architectural intent
Zoning, Codes & Ordinances Contd ...
Zoning Analysis Inventory zone parameters:

Identify constraints: Uses, this section of the regulations defines
identify proper zone within towns districts; uses which are allowed in particular zones:
permitted uses;
inventory zones parameters;
assessory uses;
identify assessory regulations to zone. uses by special use permitting.
Identify zone: Bulk Requirements, defines the 3-dimensional
towns are broken up into zoned districts which construction envelope of a site including:
derive from and support development of the set-backs, front/side/rear;
towns master plan; lot coverage (buildg imprint as a % of lot area)
FAR (floor area ratio - total sum of living area
sometimes parcels exist within two or more
as % of total lot area)
zones - the more restrictive of the zones would
maximum height/flood planes/etc.
apply.
Assessory Regulations:
Inventory zone parameters:
parking requirements;
General Regulations, usually a mission-style
statement which outlines the towns intent for landscaping requirements;
the overall development of that zone; buffer requirements;
the General Regulations also outline major site-lines, safety issues
uses recommended and prohibited in a zone.
Accessible/Barrier-Free Design
ADA: enacted to provide for equal treatment of Barrier Free Environment:

disabled people. As it relates to architecture, power actuated egress doors required;
it provides for equal access and barrier-free 7 deep double door vestibules;
environments for the disabled (ANSI 117.1).
36 min. corridors; w/48 return or 42/48
Three basic areas of regulation include: wide w/smaller return;
ingress 32 min. doors, 24 on pull-side;
barrier free environments thresholds same as prev. level change defin.
egress tactile privacy door hardware;
Ingress: pertains to site accessibility, mobility and interior ramp same as ext. (see rail handouts);
building ingress:
see handouts for:
parking planning to normal standards;
bathroom design regulations;
parking spaces min. 8 wide w/5 aisle; other public area regulations.
curb-cuts w/detectable surfaces required; Egress:
level changes < , sloped 1:2 if > ; areas of refuge required on upper floors;
side walks < 1:20, if > handrails are required; power actuated egress doors;
ramps cannot exceed 1:12 & 30 long before audible alarms w/strobes.
5 x 5 turning area;
24 clearance reqd on pull-side of door.
Landform
Geomorphology: The study of the origins & Tectonic activity: bending, breaking and sliding at
characteristics of land form (contour). the boundary of plates;
Earths cross section: atmosphere; Volcanic activity: the upheaval of magma between
hydrosphere; lithosphere +/- 25 miles thick. opposing plates;
Lithosphere: Mercalli intensity scale: (not Richter) measures
Continental crust damage on a scale of 1 thru 12, Richter
Oceanic crust measures earth movement magnitude at a
Theyre dynamic masses broken down into 12 logarithmic rate;
plates floating on the mantel.
Sequential landform: denudation the forces
Collision: plates coming together;
influential in shaping landform, i.e.. Weather,
Subduction; ocean plate sliding under
erosion, mass-wasting, etc. or the
the continent plate;
transformation of matter brought upon by an
Opposing: plates going in opposite
direction;
agent (water, glacial ice, wind, gravity.
Accretion: mantel comes up through
two opposing plates;
Transform boundary: two plates slide by
each other (San Andreas fault).
Landform
Rocks: any aggregate of minerals in a solid state Denudation: shaping of the earths surface by
(lithosphere) ages from now to billions of weather, erosion, mass-wasting, etc.
years old. Weathering:
Rock Categories: Mechanical (disintegration) i.e.. Frost heaves;
Sedimentary (shale, limestone); Chemical (decomposition) i.e.. Changing rock
Formed by sedimentation (transporting by compounds (mechanical simply rearranges).
stream) and makes up 75% of lithosphere. Erosion: materials are transported from one place
Igneous (lava, granite); to another by stream, ice, water, wind, etc.
Formed by the solidification of magma and Mass-wasting: materials settling through gravity
makes up 18% of lithosphere. and angle of repose (depends on mass and
Metamorphic (slate, marble). coarseness of material) i.e.. slump, mudflows.
Formed by a combination of the other two and
makes up 7% of lithosphere.
Landform
Landform agents: Terrain: a product of landform.

Wind-laid: Aeolian, i.e.. loess; Landscape: assemblences of terrain.
Water-laid: fluvial (water transports
sediments);
Riverine: flood plain, delta;
Alluvial: sand-bar;
Fresh water formation: lake beds;
Marine formation: tidal flats, coastal plains.
Glacial: 30% of all land surface has been
glacial at one point;
Alpine: mountain ranges, tarns (small hills);
Continental glaciation: (all of Greenland)
20,000 years ago the last North American
glacier receded through 1/3 of the U.S. and
was 300-400 thick over Rhode Island.
Landform
Topography: two dimensional drawing illustrating Slope: the inclination of terrain defined either by
surface configuration and relief features ratio, percentage or degree inclination.
pertaining to a specific area of land. Ratio: the ratio between the horizontal and vertical
Contour interval: the vertical dimension datum, i.e.. 40:20 or 2:1.
between the contour elevation (usually Percentage: attained by dividing the vertical datum
uniform); by the horizontal datum and getting a decimal
Developed in Holland in 1730 but utilized for percentage (multiply by 100).
practical use in the 19th century.
V G
Existing contour is a dashed line;
Proposed contour is a solid line;
H
Contour elevation always placed on the uphill; G=V/H x 100
Every 5 or 10 interval is a heavier line Degree: is the angle the hypotenuse makes with
Hypsometric: above sea-level; the horizontal.
Bathymetric: below sea-level.
Access
Access: A path or route used for travel, recreation, Some Stats.:

and movement of goods, and services. Ave walking speed = 2.5 mph
Paths include; Individual space = 4 dia. Zone
Trails; - Walks;
Human movement: site and timing
Streets; - Rails;
Water; - Air. Walks:
3 wide, two-way traffic 4;
Forms for access include;
1-5% grade, ramps 5-8%, steps 20-50%;
Pedestrian; - Auto;
Boats; - Monorails; Ramps 5 wide, rests @ 30 intervals;
Plane/Balloon; - Escillator, etc. 2 risers + 1 tread = 25
Human movement must conform to design

standards for helath, safety and welfare.
Concerns include visual, spatial, sequence,
line and path.
Access
Planning: well planned systems enhance the Additional concerns include:

processional experience and takes advantage Codes/regulations
of natural topography, vistas, and site lines.
Costs
Examples include;
Signage
Ronchamp; - Egyptian architecture;
Versailles; - Roman Forum; Technique
Spanish Steps; - Acropolis, etc. Ergonomics
Safe automobile planning includes: Historical reference
Visual access; - Smooth fluent paths;
Engineering, including:
Focal points; - Conflict avoidance;
System heirarchy
Utilizing rhythm;
Orientation; Vertical/horizontal movement
Aesthetic enhancement. Drainage
Utilities
Performance.
Utilities
Utilities: provided as a public service, costs are Water systems:

direct (cable) and indirect (taxes). Domestic & industial needs
Examples include: High pressure fire protection
Systems which dispose of human waste;
Closed municipal systems
Systems which supply:
Water Open (well) systems
Electric power
Fuel
Sanitary systems:
Communications Gravity and pump sewers (2000 yrs. old)
Systems which dispose of storm water;
Requires solids and effluent
Services, i.e. snow & trash removal, recycles
Closed system in street flows to municipal
Design values include: treatment station
Influence of patterns
Septic systems
Influence land use development potential
Channel characteristics Settling tank > flows to distribution box >
flows to leaching chambers or trenches
3 dimensional space
Common rights-of-way Locate 100 min. down-grade from well suplies
Grade <15% over septic systems
Grey water to separate dry-well
Utilities
Storm drainage systems. Communication systems:

Closed subsrface piped systems: Wired: telephone, security, fire protection, traffic
Expensive hradwares (pipes, basin structures) controls, catv
Removes standing water Wireless: telephone, security, fire protection, tv
Requires discharge point Channel distribution:
Time consuming to install
Fiber-optics
Open (overland flow systems):
Swales (utilizing topo) Low-voltage wires
Inexpensive, use detention basins Satelite
Returns water to ground sooner Coaxial cables
Easier to install, more capacity
Power systems:
Fuel systems:
Fossil - non renerable Generation plants>
Biomass timber, crops, methane, solid waste Sub-stations>
Electricity includes all above
Overhead vs. underground Distribution channels>
Urban or campus steam plant systems (2 mile service)
Phase requirements
Service entrance
Internal distribution systems
Landscaping
Site Plan: Landscape

Property description (graphic)
Structures
Site structure
Topo Orientation
Setbacks Views
Easements Vistas
Utilities Design exterior rooms
Circulation Usable spaces
Landscaping
Vista
Parking
Lighting Organize circulation
Drainage Define edges
Path organization
Landscape Quality Elements: Design landscape areas including:
Color Surfaces:
Texture Lawns
Enclosure Patios
Form Teraces
Organization Gardens
Space Natural
Time
Formal
Plane
Edges
Fences
Walls
Streets
Structures
Natural features
Landscaping
Planting Inventory: Plants to inventory:

Layout a story board which illustrates a plant Trees:
inventory to be used when design landscapes. The Ornamental trees
board shall be minimum 18 x 24 (portrait) or 24 x Shade trees
36 (portrait). Section the board by plant catagories, Flowering trees
Evergreen trees
showing pictures, illustrations, and descriptions.
Fruit trees
Pictures: Shrubs:
Ornamental shrubs
Use pictures from magazines, i.e. Better Homes &
Foundation fronting shrubs
Gardens, Martha (Stewart), etc.; Hedge and avenue shrubs
Or use illustrations from a book or by you;
Flowers:
Description: Vine flowers
Perennials
Write a brief description of each plant, including: Annuals
Common and botanical name Bush flowers
Type of plant Natural (wild) flowers
Landscape use
Hardy conditions (preferred exposure, soil conditions, Ground and wall covers:
moisture, etc.) Creeping ground covers
Climbing vines

Site Analysis

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Site Analysis

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Site Analysis

An Outline for Architectural Pre -design

Resource Analysis: Circulation:

Precipitation (falling condensation): Wind (natural movement of air by earth energy)

Earth Realms: Paths back to the ocean contd.

Engineering Drawing Symbols: Slope stabilizing Techniques:

Physical Relationships: Architectural Uses:

Land Use Study Behavioral Analysis

Visual Elements Natural

Regulation: land use controls and management Site Planning Aspects

Regulation Flexibility Modern Zoning

Zoning Analysis Inventory zone parameters:

ADA: enacted to provide for equal treatment of Barrier Free Environment:

Landform agents: Terrain: a product of landform.

Access: A path or route used for travel, recreation, Some Stats.:

Plane/Balloon; - Escillator, etc. 2 risers + 1 tread = 25

Human movement must conform to design

Planning: well planned systems enhance the Additional concerns include:

Utilities: provided as a public service, costs are Water systems:

Storm drainage systems. Communication systems:

Site Plan: Landscape

Planting Inventory: Plants to inventory:

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