FORCED VIBRATION

FORCED VIBRATION Harmonic Excitation

m u t c ut kut pt
Undamped Forced Vibration (SDOF)

undamped system subjected to a harmonic

forcing function c 0 , and pt P sin t
0

m u t kut P0 sin t

P 0
is the amplitude or maximum value of the
force
is the frequency of the force or the
exciting/forcing frequency
t is time
Undamped Forced Vibration (SDOF)

Forcing Function, P(t) = P0sin(t)

15000

10000
Force, P(t) = P0sin(wt)

5000

0
0 1 2 3 5 6 7

-5000

-10000

-15000
Time
The forced undamped equation of motion is

m u t kut P0 sin t

k
n
m
Two cases :
n
n
 For
n
The particular solution for the above equation is

u p t
P0 1
2
sin t
k 1 n

The complementary solution is the free vibration solution

uc t A cos nt B sin nt

m u t kut P0 sin t

The complete solution to the damped free vibration is

u t A cos nt B sin nt
P0 1
2
sin t
k 1 n
Undamped Forced Vibration (SDOF)

u t A cos nt B sin nt
P0 1
2
sin t
k 1 n

If the initial conditions

t 0; u (t ) u (0); u t u (0)

the complete solution becomes

u t u 0 cos nt u 0
P sin nt
P0 1
sin t
2
0 n
n k 1 n
2
k 1 n

Undamped Forced Vibration (SDOF)

u t u 0 cos nt
u 0
P sin nt P0
1
sin t
2
0 n
n k 1 n 2 k 1
n

Total displacement, u(t)

15

10
Displacement, u(t)

0
0 1 2 3 5 6 7

-5

-10

-15
Time
Undamped Forced Vibration (SDOF)

u t u 0 cos nt
u 0 P
0
sin nt P0
1
sin t
2
n
n k 1 n 2 k 1 n

transient vibration component

u t u 0 cos nt
u 0 P
0
n sin nt
n k 1 n
2

steady state vibration or forced vibration

component.

u t
P0 1
2
sin t
k 1 n
Undamped Forced Vibration (SDOF)

20

15

10
Displacement, u(t)

0
0 1 2 c 3 5 6 7
-5

-10

-15

-20
Time
undamped transient undamped steady state undamped total
Undamped Forced Vibration (SDOF)

Total and Steady-state Displacement

20

15

10
Displacement, u(t)

0
0 1 2 3 5 6 7
-5

-10

-15

-20
Time
Questions - ?
Undamped Forced Vibration (SDOF)

Steady-state Displacement

u t
P0 1
sin t
undamped steady state
2
5
k 1 n
Displacement, u(t)

0
0 1 2 3 5 6 7

-5
Time
Undamped Forced Vibration (SDOF)

Steady-state displacement

u t
P0 1
2
sin t
k 1 n

u t u st 0
1
2
sin t
1 n

u st 0
P0 is the maximum static deformation
k
Undamped Forced Vibration (SDOF)

u t u st 0
1
2
sin t
1 n

u0 u st 0
1
1 n
2

u0 1
Rd
ust 0 1 n 2

R d
is called the displacement response factor
Undamped Forced Vibration (SDOF)

Steady-state displacement

In terms of amplitude u0 and phase angle

ut u0 sin t

ut ust 0 Rd sin t

R d
is called the displacement response factor
is called the phase angle.


o
0 for

n

180
o
for
n
Undamped Forced Vibration (SDOF)
Deformation response factor, Rd 5

1
3 Rd
1 n
2

0
0 1 2 3

180o
Phase angle,

90o

0o


o
0 for
Frequency ratio, / n

n

180
o
for n
Undamped Forced Vibration (SDOF)

1) is small, (force vary slowly) Rd is only

n

slightly larger than 1, the amplitude of

dynamic displacement is approximately the
same as the amplitude of the static
displacement.

2) is n
> 2, Rd less than 1 and
approaches zero as , the dynamic
n

deformation is less than the static

deformation.
Undamped Forced Vibration (SDOF)

3) meaning that the force vary very

n

rapidly, the vibratory displacement is very

small,

4) is close to 1, Rd is many times larger

n

than 1, the displacement amplitude is very

much larger than the static deformation .
Undamped Forced Vibration (SDOF)

Resonant Frequency
Resonant frequency is defined as the forcing
frequency (i.e. the frequency of the applied
force) at which Rd is maximum.

For undamped system the resonant frequency is

Rd is unbounded at this frequency.

Questions - ?
Undamped Forced Vibration (SDOF)

Resonant Frequency
for n

m u t kut P0 sin t
the particular solution is

u p t
P0
nt cos nt
2k

the complete solution is

u t A cos nt B sin nt nt cos nt

P0
2k
Undamped Forced Vibration (SDOF)

u t A cos nt B sin nt nt cos nt

P0
2k

Imposing initial conditions:

t 0; u (t ) u (0); u t u (0)

u 0 P0
u t u 0 cos nt P0
sin nt nt cos nt
n k 2k

Undamped Forced Vibration (SDOF)

u 0 P0
u t u 0 cos nt P0
sin nt nt cos nt
n k 2k

if u0 0 u 0 0

u t nt cos nt 2 sin nt
P0
2k
Undamped Forced Vibration (SDOF)

u st 0
P0 2
Substituting, and n
k Tn

u t nt cos nt 2 sin nt
P0
2k

ut 1 2t 2t 2t
cos 2 sin
ust 0 2 Tn Tn Tn
Undamped Forced Vibration (SDOF)
600

400

200
Displacement, u(t)

0
0 1 2 3 5 6 7

-200

-400

-600
Time

P0
u j 1 u j u st 0 j 1 j
k
Questions - ?