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MATERIALS
GFRP glass
fiber
reinforced
composite
Composites in industry
Engineering applications
Aerospace
Automobile
Pressure vessel and pipes
Any place where high performance materials are desired
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Classification
COMPOSITES
COMPOSITES
POLYMER
POLYMER METAL
METAL CERAMIC
CERAMIC
MATRIX
MATRIX MATRIX
MATRIX MTRIX
MATRIX
COMPOSITES
COMPOSITES COMPOSITES COMPOSITES
COMPOSITES COMPOSITES
12/11/2017 9
INTRODUCTION (contd.,)
FRP Composites
+
Fiber POLYME MATRIX
Polymer matrix
Reinforcement
12/11/2017
Components in a Composite
Material
Nearly all composite materials consist of
two phases:
Primary phase - forms the matrix within
which the secondary phase is embedded
Secondary phase - embedded phase
sometimes referred to as a reinforcing
phase, because it usually serves to
strengthen the composite.
The reinforcing phase may be in the form of
fibers, particles, or various other geometries .
Functions of the Matrix Material
(Primary Phase)
Protect phases from environment.
Transfer Stresses to phases.
Holds the embedded phase in place, usually
enclosing and often concealing it .
When a load is applied, the matrix shares the
load with the secondary phase, in some cases
deforming so that the stress is essentially born
by the reinforcing agent .
Functions of the Reinforced Material
(Secondary Phase)
*f d
lc
2 c
Fiber Alignment
Adapted from Fig. 16.8,
Callister 7e.
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Micromechanics
Determining unknown properties of the composite
based on known properties of the fiber and matrix.
USE OF MICRO MECHANICS
Predict composite properties from fiber and matrix
data
Extrapolate existing composite property data to
different fiber volume fraction or void content
Check experimental data for errors
Determine required fiber and matrix properties to
produce a desired composite material .
Limitations of Micro-Mechanics
Wf+Wm = 1
Density
Density (Cont)
When more than two constituents enter in the
composition of the composite material
The strains in the composite, ber, and matrix are equal (c = f = m);
Longitudinal Modulus, E1
Predictions agree well with experimental data
Transverse Youngs Modulus, E2
In transverse loading the fibers carry less of the load
Transverse Youngs Modulus, E2
c = m = f = c= mVm + fVf
Transverse Youngs Modulus, E2
Major Poissons Ratio, 12
In-Plane Shear Modulus, G12
Apply a pure shear stress c to a lamina
In-Plane Shear Modulus, G12
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Infact the Transverse youngs modulus and
in-plane shear modulus obtained through
Mechanics of solids do not agree with the
experimental results. This demands for
better modeling techniques. To overcome
the problem, Semi-empirical models have
been developed . The most useful of these
semi-empirical models is Halphin and Tsai .
Halphin-Tsai Equation
The values obtained for transverse modulus (E2) and
Inplane -shear modulus do not agree with the
experimental results.
Semi-empirical models have been designed for
better results.
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Longitudinal Modulus (E1)
70
14
12
10
8 MOS
6
Halphin-Tsai
4
2 Ansys
0
0 15 30 45 60 75 90
% Fiber Volume fraction
55
In-plane shear Modulus (G12)
In-Plane shear modulus (G12)
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6
5
4
GPa
MOS
3
Halphin-Tsai
2
Ansys
1
0
0 15 30 45 60 75 90
% Fiber volume fraction
0.3 Ansys
0.25
0.2
0.15
0 15 30 45 60 75 90
% Fiber Volume fraction
56
Thank You
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