Seats

The seats are arranged in concentric arch of circles drawn with the centre located as much behind the centre of the
curtain line (curtain line) distance from the auditorium rear wall. Seats are staggered sideways in relation to those in
front so that a listener in any row is not looking directly over the head of- the person in front of him.

Reflecting surfaces are designed as to aid distribution of sound. Those areas which cause objectionable sound reflection
and are treated with sound absorbents are earmarked for treatment with sound absorbing material. These areas are (a)
the rear wall, (b) the balcony parapet, (c) any areas which may reflect sound back to the stage, (d) concave areas which
have a tendency to focus sound in certain places, and (e) such other areas as will contribute to indirect sound arriving at
any point in the theater later than 50 milliseconds after the direct sound.

The rest of the sound absorbing material introduced below are also used as sound absorbing materials

a) Acoustic plaster ( a plaster which includes granulated insulation material with cement)

b) Compressed cane or wood fiberboard, imperforated and perforated

c) Wood particle board

d) Compressed wood woo

e) Mineral/glass wool quilts and mats

f) Mineral/compressed glass wool tiles

g) Composite units of perforated hardboard backed by perforated fiberboard

h) Composite units of perforated board (hardboard, asbestos board or metal sheet)

i) Special absorbers constructed of hardboard, teak ply, etc.

1 Journey of theatre architecture in India.

 Multiplexes follow the above hierarchical relationship between the owner and operator.
- Mutiplex Management System
 Conceptual Zoning Diagram.
- Theatre-Study-TSS.pdf /scribd.com
STANDARDS OF CINEMA DESIGN

Accessibility

Entrances

i. Entrances with waiting areas to prevent traffic

-Parking

i. Normally 1 per 5 to 10 spectators.

ii. The size will depend on the location and the number of seats in the cinema hall, the number of venues.

iii. Local laws will determine the number of handicapped and their location.

Circulation

-Lobbies

i. Lobbies mediate between the outdoors and the cinema space itself

ii. A successful lobby must be sized to allow comfortable circulation and milling space for all the people

iii. Rest rooms, public phones, drinking fountains, concessions and merchandising should be provided and located within
easy access.

-Box booth (tickets)

i. Ticket booths require multiple windows and areas for computer workstations.

ii. Multiple windows must be available for both current displaying and future displaying.

-Aisles

i. Straight radial aisles are better for seeing purposes (scan from time saver p731)

ii. They must be employed in many localities because

iii. An aisle should be of a maximum width of 1.2 m. iv. As the aisle length increases with conventional seating, good design
Fire Escape

i. These should be very obvious to users and positioned so as to allow the rapid dispersion of escaping people in a place of
safety, away from fire hazards.

Spaces

-Cafeteria/Waiting Area

i. The foyers are subdivided into actual foyer, cafeteria and a smoking area. An area of foyer should be 0.8-2.0 m/ spectator

-Restrooms

i. Bathrooms should have a minimum of one fixture for every 25 people; these should be allocated 65% for women and 35%
for men.

ii. Rest rooms should be distributed in proportion to the seats at each level of the cinema and also must provide accessible
fixtures compliance with applicable codes and regulations

iii. People should not have to travel more than one level up or down to get to the rest room. iv. Minimum width of 120cm for
handicapped fixture inside the restrooms plus hand rails located on each wall.

-Staff / Storage Rooms

i. There should be a changing and rest room for ushers and technical personnel with a minimum width of 3 m.

Seating arrangement

i. Seating must be designed such that all audience have a clear and unobstructed view of the screen.

ii. The spacing between the end of the chair and the front of the other should not be less than 45 cm. this spacing would
provide a clear space between the persons knees and the back of the chair in the next forward row. Also it will not
require that a seated person stand to permit passage of another person. Measurement from seats back to the next seats
back should be at least 90 cm
iii. Spectators should sit within the outside edge of the screen. iv. The floor gradient is achieved by an inclination of up to 10
% or by the use of steps with maximum step height of 16 cm

Screen

i. The height/side ratio should be 1:2.34. Screens should be sound permeable to allow the sound to be transferred to the
audience (the main speakers are located behind the cinemascope screen). The lower edge of the projection screen
should be at least 1.20 cm above the floor. The screen should be curved with a radius centered on the last row of seats.

ii. The viewing angle from the first row of seats to the centre of the screen should not exceed 30 degrees.

iii. The viewing angle from the last row of seats to the centre of the screen should not exceed 38 degrees.

iv. The angle from the last row of seat to the outer edge of the picture should be at most 38 degrees.

Sound

i. Walls and ceilings are made of non reflective materials and not in too bright colors. The back wall of the cinema should be
sound absorbent to prevent echo

ii. The loudspeakers should be distributed around the auditorium so that the volume differs between the first and the last row
of seats does not exceed 4dB.

iii. Sound dampers are provided in air ducts to reduce noise from installed machinery into the air conditioning rooms. The
length of these in the direction of air flow is 1.5 to 3 m depending on the air damping to be achieved.

Lights

i. The cinema should have no outside light

ii. Emergency lights

-Assignment 2: Analysis of existing building type City Stars Cinema Complex Hewlett-Packard
BIBLIOGRAPHY

-Assignment 2: Analysis of existing building type City Stars Cinema Complex Hewlett-Packard

- Theatre-Study-TSS.pdf /scribd.com

Resources_IdeasInfo_typesandformsoftheatre.pdf

Journey of theatre architecture in India.

http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/802880-sawantwadi-maharashtra.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawantwadi_taluka

http://www.ncpamumbai.com/venue/experimental-theatre

https://www.censusindia.co.in/district/sindhudurg-district-maharashtra-529

http://drrajivdesaimd.com/2012/04/05/entertainment/

shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/9936/11/10_chapter 3.pdf

Jones and Bartlett Publishers.Chapter3 : Early History of recreation and leisure

http://sdmahajan.tripod.com/konkan_women.htm

http://www.indiaonapage.com/India/Maharashtra/Sindhudurg/Kankavli/Hang-out/Theaters/item.htm

http://www.goaholidayhomes.com/directory/multiplex-cinema-halls.html

http://allindiaradio.gov.in/Profile/Milestones/Pages/default.aspx

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkani_people#Prehistory

http://leisurelines.blogspot.in/2010/05/leisure-pursuits-for-middle-aged-adults.html

http://www.eastrenfrewshire.gov.uk/article/2601/Social-and-leisure-activities-for-adults-and-older-people