Pneumonia

GROUP 3
Dyta Syntia
Heppy Dayanti
I Kadek S
Imanuel FD
Normawati
Yani Octaviyani
Yola Tricintia
 Definition
Pneumonia is an
inflammatory condition of
the lung affecting primarily
the microscopic air sacs
known as alveoli. It is usually
caused by infection with
viruses or bacteria and less
commonly other
microorganisms, certain
drugs and other conditions
such as autoimmune diseases
 Etiology
Most authors categorize bacterial
pneumonias by their infectious agents,
which include pneumococcal agents;
Haemophilus influenzae; Klebsiella,
Staphylococcus, and Legionella species;
gram-negative organisms; and aspirated
micro-organisms. Inhalation of infectious
aerosols is probably the most common
mode of infection. Some agents, notably
Staphylococcus species, may be spread
 Epidemiology
Pneumonia is a form of acute lower
respiratory tract infections are a serious
lung diparenkim encountered
approximately 15% -20%. In Indonesia,
pneumonia is the third leading cause of
death after cardiovascular diseases and
tuberculosis. Low socio-economic factors
increases the mortality rate. Found cases
of pneumonia in children under five at the
most attacked. According to the WHO
 Sign and symptom
1) High fever
2) Chest pain
3) non-productive cough up sputum
productive with whitish.
4) Tachypnea, cyanosis
5) The sound of breath rales or crackles
6) At the sounding percussion dullness
7) Retraction of the thoracic wall
8) Respiratory nostril
Other symptoms that may be found is
- The skin is moist
- Nausea and vomiting
- Joint stiffness
 NURSING CARE

FOCUS ASSESSMENT
1. History of disease
2. Physical examination
3. Knowledge of the patient /
family
 NURSING DIAGNOSES
1. Airway clearance ineffective possibility realated trakeabranchial
inflammation, edema formation, increased sputum production

2. Impaired gas exchange possibilities realated alveolar-capillary

membrane changes

3, Hipertermi possibility realated. infection process

4. Risk of Infection possibility realated main defense (decrease cilia work,

adhesions respiratory secretions), inadequate secondary defenses,
chronic disease\

5. Nutrition less than the likely need B.D. improvement of secondary

metabolic needs of the fever and the infection process

6. Risk of fluid volume deficiency possibility B.D. inadequate oral fluid

intake, loss of active liquid

7. Activity intolerance possibility realated imbalance between supply and

oxygen demand, general weakness.
 INTERVENTION
independent
- reviewing frequency / depth of breathing and chest
movement
- observation TTV
- Observation of the color of the skin, mucous
membranes and nails. Note the presence of peripheral
cyanosis (nail) or central cyanosis.
- Adjust the position of the patient semi-Fowler
Fowler
- Auscultation of the lung area, noting areas of
decreased 1 times no airflow and breath sounds.
- Teach techniques effective cough
Collaboration
- Give oxygen therapy with nasal correctly eg plong
master, master venturi.
- Give extra IV fluids as needed
- Collaboration with medical team to drug delivery
according indication
 EVALUATION
1. Cough resolved
2. Breath normal
3. breath sounds clean
4. Not cyanosis
5. Any disruption of gas exchange