Chapter 14

JDBC, Java Server Pages, and MySQL

Fundamentals, Design,
and Implementation, 9/e
 JDBC
JDBC is an alternative to ODBC and ADO
that provides database access to programs
written in Java

Copyright 2004 Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation, 9/e

by David M. Kroenke Chapter 14/2
 Java Servlet and Applet
An applet is a compiled, machine-independent,
Java bytecode program that is transmitted to a
browser via HTTP and is invoked using the HTTP
protocol
A servlet is a Java program that is invoked on the
server to respond to HTTP requests
Type 3 and Type 4 drivers can be used for both
applets and servlets
Type 2 drivers can be used only in servlets

Copyright 2004 Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation, 9/e

by David M. Kroenke Chapter 14/3
 JDBC Components

Copyright 2004 Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation, 9/e

by David M. Kroenke Chapter 14/4
 Using JDBC
1. Load the driver
The driver class libraries need to be in the
CLASSPATH for the Java compiler and for the
Java virtual machine
Class.forName(string).newInstance();
2. Establish a connection to the database
Connection conn =
DriverManager.getConnection(string);
A connection string includes the literal jdbc:,
followed by the name of the driver and a URL to
the database

Copyright 2004 Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation, 9/e

by David M. Kroenke Chapter 14/5
 Using JDBC (cont.)
3. Create a statement
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
4. Execute the statement
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(querystring);
Int result = stmt.executeUpdate(updatestring);
ResultSetMetaData rsMeta = rs.getMetaData();

Both compiled queries and stored procedures can

be processed via JDBC using PreparedStatement
and CallableStatement objects

Copyright 2004 Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation, 9/e

by David M. Kroenke Chapter 14/6
 Java Server Pages
Java Server Pages (JSP) provide a means
to create dynamic Web pages using HTML,
XML, and Java
JSP pages provide the capabilities of a full
object-oriented language to the page
developer
Neither VBScript nor JavaScript can be used in
a JSP
JSPs are compiled into machine-independent
bytecode

Copyright 2004 Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation, 9/e

by David M. Kroenke Chapter 14/7
 JSP Compilation Process

Copyright 2004 Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation, 9/e

by David M. Kroenke Chapter 14/8
 JSP Pages and Servlets
JSPs are compiled as subclasses of the
HTTPServlet class
Consequently, small snippets of code can be placed in a
JSP, as well as complete Java programs
To use JSPs, the Web server must implement the
Java Servlet 2.1+ and Java Server Pages 1.0+
specifications
Apache Tomcat, an open source product from the
Jakarta Project, implements these specifications
Tomcat can work in conjunction with Apache or can
operate as a standalone Web server for testing purposes

Copyright 2004 Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation, 9/e

by David M. Kroenke Chapter 14/9
 Using JSP processor
When using JSP processor, e.g. Tomcat, the
JDBC drivers, JSP pages, and any Java beans
must be located in specified directories
When a JSP is requested, Tomcat ensures that
the most recent page is used
If an uncompiled newer version is available, Tomcat will
automatically cause it to be parsed and compiled
There is a maximum of one JSP in memory at a
time, and JSP requests are executed as a thread
of the servlet processor and not as a separate
process
The Java code in a JSP can load invoke a
compiled Java bean
Copyright 2004 Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation, 9/e
by David M. Kroenke Chapter 14/10
 MySQL
MySQL is an open source DBMS that runs
on UNIX, Linux, and Windows
MySQL is easy to use, relatively
inexpensive (no license fee), and can
provide fast query processing
Limitations
MySQL does not support views, stored
procedures, or triggers
Referential integrity can be defined, but it is not
enforced by MySQL

Copyright 2004 Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation, 9/e

by David M. Kroenke Chapter 14/11
 MySQL (cont.)
MySQL maintains a data dictionary in a
database named mysql
The user and db tables can be queried to
determine user permissions
To access MySQL from JDBC, the user
account must be granted access to the
database, either from any location or from
a TCP/IP address that represents the local
computer

Copyright 2004 Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation, 9/e

by David M. Kroenke Chapter 14/12
 Concurrency Control
MySQL provides limited support for
concurrent processing
There is no support for transactions,
i.e., no COMMIT or ROLL BACK statements or
transaction isolation
MySQL locks at the table level
This may cause throughput problem
Shared read locks are obtained when
processing SELECT statements
Exclusive locks are obtained when processing
INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE

Copyright 2004 Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation, 9/e

by David M. Kroenke Chapter 14/13
 Concurrency Control (cont.)
Users can surround transaction logic with
LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES
commands
Deadlock is prevented by allowing, at most,
one lock statement to be open at a time
Dirty reads are possible if some
applications roll back their own work and
do not surround their activity with table
locks

Copyright 2004 Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation, 9/e

by David M. Kroenke Chapter 14/14
 Backup and Recovery
MySQL provides limited backup and recovery
facilities
There is a backup utility that augments the
operating system copy utilities
MySQL maintains a log of commands processed
but no before and after images, nor data values
from bulk updates or deletions
To restore a database, an older version of the
database is copied back, and the commands in
the log are reapplied

Copyright 2004 Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation, 9/e

by David M. Kroenke Chapter 14/15
Chapter 14
JDBC, Java Server Pages, and MySQL

Fundamentals, Design,
and Implementation, 9/e