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Definition
The muscular system is responsible for the movement of the
human body. Attached to the bones of the skeletal system are
about 700 named muscles that make up roughly half of a persons
body weight. Each of these muscles is a discrete organ
constructed of skeletal muscle tissue, blood vessels, tendons, and
nerves.
Functions of skeletal muscles
To move the body limb by creating motion.
To provide strength by generating active force.
To protect joints by absorbing shock
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels (arteries, veins,
and capillaries)
It delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and carries waste products to the
organs responsible for elimination.
The arteries carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body, and the veins carry
blood back to the heart.
Functions of blood and circulation:
Pulmonary ventilation is the mechanical movement of air in and out of the lungs
due to different atmospheric pressures inside the lungs and the external
environment.
Oxygen moves from the lungs to the blood due to the tension being greater in the
lungs than the blood.
Carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the lungs due to the tension of carbon
dioxide being greater than the tension in blood.
NERVOUS AND MOTOR SYSTEMS
Consists of the brain, spinal cord, sensory organs and all of the nerves that connect
these organs with the rest of the body.
These organs are responsible for the control of the body and communication
among its parts.
The brain and spinal cord form the control center known as the central nervous
system (CNS), where information is evaluated and decisions made.
Neurons
Central to the functioning of the nervous
system is an extensive network of specialized
cells called neurons.
Sensory input
Integration
Motor response
1) Sensory
Sensory input comes from the many sensory receptors that monitor changes
occurring both inside and outside the body. The total sum of the information gathered
by these receptors is called sensory input. The nervous system processes and interprets
sensory input and decides what actions should be taken. The nervous system activates
effector organs such as muscles and glands to cause a response called motor output.
2) Integration
At a more integrative level, the primary function of the nervous system is to
control and communicate information throughout the body. It does this by
extracting information from the environment using sensory receptors. This sensory
input is sent to the central nervous system, which determines an appropriate
response.
3) Motor response
Once the response is activated, the nervous system sends signals via motor
output to muscles or glands to initiate the response.
ENERGY SYSTEM
Energy is required for all kinds of bodily processes including growth and
development, repair, the transport of various substances between cells and
of course, muscle contraction.
BASIC ENERGY SYSTEM
Fitness defines the ability to perform physical activity, and encompasses a wide
range of abilities.
Each sport and activity requires a specific set of skills, and so being fit for a sport
requires a specific skill set.
Being fit for one sport does not necessarily make you fit for another.
Fitness component list
Body Composition refers primarily to the distribution of muscle and fat in the
body. Body size such as height, lengths and girths are also grouped under this
component.
Muscular Strength the ability to carry out work against a resistance.
Muscular Endurance the ability to repeat a series of muscle contractions
without fatiguing.
Power the ability to exert a maximal force in as short a time as possible, as in
accelerating, jumping and throwing implements.
Motor Skill gross motor skills are the basic skills developed when young, which
can be developed upon with specific sports skills training.
Speed / Quickness the ability to move quickly across the ground or move limbs
rapidly to grab or throw.
Agility the ability to quickly change body position or direction of the body.
Flexibility the capacity of a joint to move through its full range of motion, which
is important for execution of the techniques of sports.
Balance and Coordination the ability to stay upright or stay in control of body
movement, an important component of many sports skills.
Cardiovascular Endurance or aerobic fitness, stamina, is the ability to exercise
continuously for extended periods without tiring.
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