3 Hazardous Area Codes and Standards

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Standards Training for Electrical

Equipment in Hazardous Areas
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CC-H Product
Training
Hazardous Locations
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1.5 million gallons of stored process, reduced to:
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What is a
Hazardous
Area?
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COMPONENTS OF EXPLOSION
THREE BASIC CONDITIONS MUST BE
PRESENT FOR FIRE OR EXPLOSION
OXYGEN - AIR

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GAS or VAPOUR?
A gas does not have a liquid state at normal

ambient temperature and pressure
A vapour may co-exist with its liquid state at

normal ambient temperature and pressure.

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Classification of
Hazardous
Areas
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Classification of Hazardous Areas
In order to stipulate the necessary protective measures

required in a potentially explosive environment the areas
are classified in respect of the probability of the occurrence
of the explosive atmospheres.
The IEC and EN classification in to 3 Zones or
the NEC classification in to 2 divisions.

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The European standards are based on the IEC
recommendation 79-10 which stipulates -
ZONE 0 - areas in which an explosive atmosphere is

constantly present or can be expected for long periods of
time
ZONE 1 - areas in which an explosive atmosphere can be

expected occasionally for short periods of time during
normal operation
ZONE 2 - areas in which an explosive atmosphere is only to

be expected seldom, temporarily and only during a
breakdown

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American NEC Standard
This classification which is still recognised in some other countries is
subdivided only in to 2 divisions
Division 1- locations where flammable gasses or vapours may exist:

under normal operating conditions, under frequent repair or maintenance
operations, or where breakdown or faulty operation of process equipment
might also cause simultaneous failure of electrical equipment.
Division 2 - locations where flammable gasses, vapours or volatile liquids

are handled either in a closed system, or confined within suitable
enclosures, or where hazardous concentrations are normally prevented by
positive mechanical ventilation. Areas adjacent to Division 1 locations, into
which gasses might occasionally flow, would also belong in Division 2.

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Zone Potentially explosive atmosphere
present
Zone 0 > 1000 hours/year
Zone 1 10-1000 hours/year
Zone 2 < 10 hours/year
Non-Ex < 1 hour/year

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CLASS 1 HAZARDOUS AREAS
GASES LIQUID VAPOURS
Zone 0 Zone 2 Zone 1
Petrol Tank Fuel Lines Production Areas

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A storage tank might
Zone 1
need three zones ... Vent
Zone 0
Flammable
Liquid Zone 2
Zone 2
Wall Wall
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Zone 0
Zone 1
Zone 2

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Zones of risk- Dust & Fibres
An explosive or ignitable mixture of
combustible dust or fibres:
Zone 20 - is always in suspension in the air

under normal conditions and in large
quantities
Zone 21 - is or is likely to be in suspension in
the air under normal conditions
Zone 22 - will not normally be in suspension
in the air under normal operation
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Developments in
Hazardous Area
Concepts

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First Hazardous Areas
The development of all

Ex-protection concepts in USA and
Europe started in the mining industry

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First Method of Protection
First came the mule with a candle but

mules were limited
Then criminals were used but these were
no asses and refused to do the work

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How Did We Get Here?
USA EUROPE
1906 1850
Conduit wiring was invented Davy miners lamp
1920 1909
Transport Industry 1st firedamp electrical miners
lamp
Refining of fuels
1912
Carl Beyling defined
Flameproof enclosure
Plate encapsulation
Oil immersion
Closed mesh screen
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First Explosion Prevention Method
First Explosion Protection

Method - CEAG Mining Light

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USA EUROPE
1947 1924
Division 2 ( cost reasons) Only incandescent lamps in
hazardous locations, or
purged for machines etc.
1935
1st guide principals using
d,e,o,sand, plate and purge
1938
Hazardous locations
either Haz. Loc or not
1st Type Test Approvals
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Modern Day Division 1 / Zone 1 Locations

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1947 - Division 2
Wanted an in-between
Reduced Costs

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Division 2

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Division 2 - Fuel Storage

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USA EUROPE
Until 1960s 1960s
Division system used world Zones A, B and C were
wide defined for tank farms and
installations for flammable
liquids

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1970s
Zones 0, 1 and 2 introduced

Europe Adopts

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Separate ways
Zone 0
Division 1 Zone 1
Division 2 Zone 2
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Divisions
Division 1 Normally
Hazardous
Division 2 Not Normally

Hazardous
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Divisions
Division 2
Division
1
Vapors
Solvent
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1996 introduces the NEC
Article 505
Class I Zone 0, Zone 1 and 2 locations
This article covers the requirements for the

Zone classification (Class I Zone 0/1/2).
The zone classification can be used as an
alternative to the Division classification
(Article 500)
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Show Me the Differences

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Classification of potentially
explosive atmospheres
Long-term or Occasional Hazard only in
Frequent hazard Hazard event of fault
and short-term
NEC 500-503 Division 1 Division 1 Division 2
NEC 505 IEC/EN Zone 0 (gas) Zone 1 (gas) Zone 2 (gas)
Zone 20 (dust) Zone 21 (dust) Zone 22 (dust)
Apparatus G1 (gas) G2 (gas) G3 (gas)
categories to D1 (dust) D2 (dust) D3 (dust)
directive
94/9/EN
(ATEX)
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IEC/NEC
Hazard categories / gas groups
Examples NEC 500-503 NEC 505
IEC 60079-0
EN 50014
Class I Acetylene Group A Group IIC
Gasses and Hydrogen Group B Group IIC
vapours Ethylene Group C Group IIB
Propane Group D Group IIA
Class II Metal dust Group E Group III
Dusts Coal dust Group F
Grain dust Group G
Class III Wood, paper No subdivision
Fibres for material processing
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Division into temperature classes
Maximum possible surface temperature NEC IEC 60079-0
Table 500-3(d) EN 50014
450C T1 T1
300C T2 T2
280C T2A
250C T2B Note no
230C T2C
215C T2D Sub-
200C T3 T3 divisions
180C T3A
165C T3B for IEC
150C T3C
135C T4 T4
120C T4A
100C T5 T5
85C T6 T6

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Types of protection
and permissible use in potentially explosive atmospheres
Type of protection Symbol IEC standard EN standard For use in For use in
division zone
General requirements IEC 60079-0 EN 50014
Oil immersion o IEC 60079-6 EN 50015 1 and 2 1 and 2
Pressurization p IEC 60079-2 EN 50016 1 and 2 1 and 2
Sand filling q IEC 60079-5 EN 50017 2 1 and 2
1 explosionproof
Flameproof enclosure d IEC 60079-1 EN 50018 1 and 2
Increased safety e IEC 60079-7 EN 50019 2 1 and 2
Intrinsic safety i IEC 60079-11 EN 50020 1 and 2 0, 1 and 2
Electrical apparatus in n IEC 60079-15 EN 50021 2 2
type of protection n
Encapsulation m IEC 60079-18 EN 50028 1 and 2
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The protection type, Gas group and T rating
then make up the Ex protection to be
marked on the product along with other
required Information

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Nema
or
IP
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Degrees Of Protection Provided By
Enclosures For Electrical Equipment
IEC Standard IEC 529 (1990)
IP Code
EN 60529 now introduces temperature stabilized IP ratings
IP
The First numeral indicates

protection against access to The second numeral indicates
dangerous parts and protection of protection of internal equipment
internal equipment against the against harmful ingress of water
ingress of solid foreign objects

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Typical NEMA and NEC types of enclosures are listed below:
Type 3 Enclosures are intended for outdoor use primarily to provide a

degree of protection against windblown dust, rain, sleet, and external ice
formation.
Type 3R Enclosures are intended for outdoor use primarily to provide a

degree of protection against falling rain, and external ice formation.
Type 4 Enclosures are intended for indoor or outdoor use primarily to

provide a degree of protection against windblown dust and rain, splashing
water, hose-directed water, and external ice formation.

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Typical NEMA and NEC types of enclosures are listed below:
Type 4X Enclosures are intended for indoor or outdoor use primarily to

provide a degree of protection against corrosion, windblown dust and rain,
splashing water,hose-directed water, and external ice formation.
Type 7 Enclosures are for use indoors in locations classified as Class 1,

Groups A, B, C, D, as defined in the National Electrical Code.
Type 9 Enclosures are for use in indoor locations classified as Class II,
Groups E, F, G, as defined in the National Electrical Code.
Type 12 Enclosures are intended for indoor use primarily to provide a

degree of protection against dust, falling dirt, and dripping noncorrosive
liquids.
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Table of comparison
NEMA classification and IP degree of protection
NOTE THESE ARE APPROXIMATIONS NOT
DIRECT COMPARISONS
NEMA IP
3 IP 54
3R IP 54
3S IP 54
4 and 4X IP 56
5 IP 52
6 and 6P IP 67
12 and 12K IP 52

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Explosion Protection acc. to new EC-Directives
ATEX

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European Community
Austria Belgium Denmark Finland
France Germany Greece Ireland
Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
Portugal Spain Sweden UK
European Economic Area
Also adopting ATEX
Norway
ATEX
Iceland
Switzerland
Liechtenstein
Hungary
Poland Czech Republic
Countries proposing to adopt

the ATEX Directives
Australia South Africa

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Selection of Approved CENELEC Testing Laboratories
DK
GB DEMKO
DK
GB
B INIEX / ISSeP
B
D D PTB and BVS
F I CESI
I GB BASEFFA (EECS / SCS)

E
E LOM
F LCIE

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Subdivision into apparatus groups and
categories
Apparatus group I
Apparatus for use in mines, incl. the surface

installations thereof, that can be susceptible to
hazards caused by firedamp and/or combustible dusts.
Subdivision into categories M1 and M2

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Subdivision into apparatus groups and categories
Apparatus group II
Apparatus for use in all other areas that can be
at risk due to an explosive atmosphere.
Subdivision into categories 1 , 2 and 3
In addition to this, distinction is also made between

apparatus for gas Ex-atmospheres, symbol G,
and for dust Ex-atmospheres, symbol D.
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Apparatus group II
Category 1
For use in areas in which an explosive atmosphere is present
constantly or for long periods or frequently.
- Definition of Zone 0 or 20 -
Category 2
For use in areas in which an explosive atmosphere occurs
occasionally.
Category 3
For use in areas in which an explosive atmosphere only
occurs rarely and for a short period of time.
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Marking of apparatus for gas Ex-atmospheres
Zone Apparatus category Symbol

0 1 II 1 G
1 2 II 2 G
2 3 II 3 G
Marking of apparatus for dust Ex-atmospheres
Zone Apparatus category Symbol
20 1 II 1 D
21 2 II 2 D
22 3 II 3 D

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EC- Type Examination Certificate
After successful completion of the type examination,

the recognized testing authorities, now called notified
bodies, issue an EC- Type Examination certificate.
The EC - Type Examination Certificate of a certification

authority confirms that the sample complies with the
requirements of the directive.

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The CE- Marking
Compliance with the directive is also

documented
by affixing the CE - Marking to the apparatus.
This marking is absolutely mandatory for putting the

product onto the market within the European
Community.
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EC - Declaration of Conformity
In order to fulfil all the
requirements of the Ex-directive
94/9/EC (and any other EC-
directives that may be applicable),
the manufacturer issues an
EC- Declaration of Conformity.
With this declaration of
conformity, the manufacturer
confirms that each piece of
apparatus built complies
with the type examination.
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Quality Assurance
Acc. to the directive 94/9/EC, a Quality Assurance

System is required for the production and the
explosion-protected products.
This quality assurance system is inspected on a

regular basis by the notified body (Ex- Audit).

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Quality Assurance

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Type label acc.to
previous Ex- directive
Type label acc. to new

ATEX- directive

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Summary
new! ATEX 95 - Requirements on manufacturers
new! Extended scope of application:
Mines and other Ex-atmospheres, gas and dust
Ex-atmospheres, electrical and non-electrical apparatus
new! Subdivision of apparatus into groups and categories
new! Changes to marking
new! EC-Type Examination Certificate
new! EC-Declaration of Conformity crucial for introduction
to market (CE-marking)
new! ATEX 137 - Requirements on operator
new! Subdivision into zones for Ex-atmospheres due to dust
changed
new! Set transition periods for working materials and work places
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Construction of
Hazardous Area
Equipment
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So how do we stop the explosion by Manufacturing technique
As we must assume that we have the hazardous material due to

the process and that Oxygen is always present, the only element
we can eliminate is the ignition source.
The fundamental types of ignition source are -

l HEAT - open flames, hot surfaces, hot gasses,
compressed gasses, sunlight, infra-red light,
ultrasonic waves
l ELECTRICAL SPARKS - opening and closing of contacts,
short circuits, over voltages (lightning), static
discharge
l MECHANICAL SPARKS - friction, hammering, grinding

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Type of protection
Flameproof Enclosure Exd

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Flameproof Enclosure d is a type of protection in which the parts
which can ignite an explosive atmosphere are placed in an enclosure
which will withstand the pressure developed during an internal
explosion of an explosive atmosphere and which prevents the
transmission of the explosion to the explosive atmosphere surrounding
the enclosure.
This is the most used type of protection as nearly all types of apparatus
which cause arcs, sparks or dangerous surface temperatures are built in the
type of protection flameproof enclosure.

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Flameproof Enclosure d l Enclosure min. IP 54
l Enclosure must withstand
resulting explosion pressure
without any deformation -
Pressure-piling
l Transmission of the flame
W prevented by the toleranced
flamepaths
l Gas group IIA, IIB or IIC
depending on the MESG
l Temperature class dependent on
max. surface temperature due to
L
the heat loss of all components
T1-T6
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Scope
This type of protection is one of the most frequently applied, since nearly all
apparatus that generates arcs or sparks or dangerous surface temperatures
during normal operation is built according to this type of protection.
This type of protection can be used for electrical apparatus with:
a metal enclosure without limitation of its volume,

a non-metallic enclosure, if the free volume does not exceed 3000 cm3,
or without a limitation of its free volume, if the enclosure is partly made of
a non-metallic material and if the surface of each individual non-metallic
part does not exceed 500 cm2.
The transparent part of a luminaries may, however, have a surface of up to
8000 cm2.

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Ex-d flameproof enclosure Ex-d floodlight in flameproof Ex-d motor in flameproof
enclosure enclosure
Ex-d switchgear with flameproof- Ex-d safety switch with flameproof-

encapsulated components encapsulated individual contacts
Ex-d control unit with flameproof-
encapsulated components
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Flameproof joints
In order to reduce the high gas pressure that is generated in the event of
an explosion inside a flameproof enclosure, the enclosures are generally
provided with joints.
Functions of the joint:

reduce the pressure within the enclosure,
reduce the temperature of the gasses; when they escape from the
enclosure, a propagation of the explosion is impossible,
prevent hot particles from passing to the outside.

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Design of the gaps on flameproof enclosures according to explosion groups
Width Gap
of
joint
Explosion group Explosion group Explosion group

A and B A, B and C A, B and C
(IIC not possible, since the gap is
widened in the event of an explosion.
Ref. to 5.2.7 from 50018)
Flat joint Cylindrical joint Threaded joint

Spigot joints as combination
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Use extreme care in handling machined flat joint surfaces
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Cover all threads with a light coating of STL or HTL lubricant
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Outer explosive atmosphere
W<< Wign.
Energy loss
Inner explosion
Mode of operation of the flameproof gap

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Design concepts of flameproof-encapsulated apparatus
Enclosure encapsulation Component encapsulation Individual contact

flameproof compartment d Terminal compartment/ encapsulation
protective enclosure e

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Enclosure encapsulation
Equipment enclosure
flameproof-
encapsulated
Bushings
Wiring space
increased safety
Compression gland for Cable gland for

fixed cables non-fixed cables

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Test criteria for flameproof enclosures
IEC/EN NEC Explosion
Ex-d Enclosure proof enclosures
EX-d enclosure to EN50018 Explosion proof enclosure to

1,5 x relative pressure (appr. NEC 500ff
14bar) unit tested. 4 x relative pressure (ca 36bar)
type tested
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Type of protection
Increased Safety Exe

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Definition
Increased safety e designates a type of protection in which measures have

been taken to prevent, with increased safety methods, the possibility of
inadmissible high temperatures and the occurrence of sparks or arcs in the
inside or on the outside of electrical apparatus in or on which they do not
occur in normal operation.
Scope of application
The EN 50019 applies to such apparatus as do not produce arcs or

sparks in undisturbed, normal operation and on which no dangerous
surface temperatures occur.
Special constructional measures and materials ensure that failures that

might become an ignition source, are prevented.
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Increased safety e
Hazardous area No sparks or arcs in normal operation,

No hot points that exceed the tempe-
rature class,
Larger air gaps and creepage dis-
tances as compared with apparatus
of standard design,
Special insulation,
Special design of the supply terminals
providing protection against
self-loosening and sufficient contact
pressure.

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Scope of application
Either on its own or in

conjunction with d flameproof
enclosure type protection, the
e increased safety type of
protection is the type of
protection which is applied most
in hazardous areas in nearly all
countries of the world.

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Typical examples
Junction boxes & terminal boxes

Luminaries
Terminals
Measuring instruments (moving iron)
Transformers
Three-phase squirrel cage motors
Equipment such as three-phase squirrel

cage
motors or transformers require a
thermal protection device in order to
ensure that the temperature rise will not
exceed the limiting temperature also
under normal operating conditions or in
the event of a possible fault.
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Type of protection
Powder Filling Exq

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Powder filling q is a type of protection in which the enclosure of the
electrical apparatus is filled with a material in a finely granulated
state so that, in the intended conditions of service, any arc occurring
within the enclosure of the electrical apparatus will not ignite the
surrounding atmosphere. No ignition shall be caused either by flame
or by excessive temperature of the surfaces of the enclosure.
Main types of apparatus in powder filling are :

Fuses
Capacitors
Electronic circuit boards - EVG

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Powder filling q
l Enclosure min. IP 54
l Hydraulic pressure test for
Hazardous Atmosphere enclosure - 0.5 bar for 1
minute - max deformation
0.5mm for any dimension
l Granule size max. 1.6mm
min. 250m
l Granule shall not contain
more that 0.1% by weight of
Granules water
l Minimum distance between
bare live parts and enclosure
wall 4mm

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Type of protection
Pressurization Exp

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Pressurized apparatus p is a type of protection by which
the entry of a surrounding atmosphere into the enclosure
of the electrical apparatus is prevented by maintaining,
inside the said enclosure, a protective gas at a higher
pressure than that of the surrounding atmosphere.
The over pressure is maintained with or without continuous
flow of the protective gas.
The protective gas can be either air, inert gas or an other
suitable gas.
Main types of apparatus in pressurized enclosure are :

Switch rooms
Apparatus too large or difficult to use another
type of protection.

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Pressurized Enclosure p
l Over pressure must be continuously
Hazardous atmosphere
checked - minimum pressure
relative to external pressure
0.5mbar
l Automatic devices to disconnect
electrical supply if over pressure
fails
l Doors or covers must be interlocked
l Energization not possible till
apparatus has been purged
sufficiently to reduce concentration
of any flammable gas or vapor.
Minimum 5 times the volume of free
space and ducts.
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Type of protection
Encapsulation Exm

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Encapsulation m is a type of protection in which the parts that
could ignite an explosive atmosphere are enclosed in a resin sufficiently
resistant to environmental influences in such a way that this explosive
atmosphere cannot be ignited either by sparking or heating which may
occur within the encapsulation.
Main types of apparatus in encapsulation are :

Electronic circuit boards - EVG
Miniature motors

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Encapsulation m
l Resin such as thermo-setting,
Hazardous Atmosphere
thermoplastic and elastomer
materials with and without fillers
and/or other additives
l Temperature range of the resin is
the temperature range within which
the characteristics of the resin
satisfy the standard not only in
Resin service but also in store.
l Continuous service temperature of
the resin is the maximum
temperature to which the resin can
be continuously exposed, according
to the information from the
manufacturer.
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Type of protection
Intrinsic Safety Exi

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Ex-ia Intrinsic Safety
No Ignition
voltage
current

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Intrinsic Safety
Prevents Ignition
Limits voltage
Limits Current
Only for control circuits < 24 VDC
Not for Power Circuit ~ 120VAC

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Ex-ia Intrinsic Safety

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Intrinsic Safety i
An intrinsically safe circuit is a circuit in which no spark or any thermal

effect produced in the test conditions prescribed in this standard (which
include normal operation and specified fault conditions) is capable of
causing ignition of a given explosive atmosphere.
Intrinsically safe electrical system comprises an assembly of inter-

connected items of electrical apparatus, described in a descriptive
system document in which the circuits or parts of circuit intended
to be used in a potentially explosive atmosphere are intrinsically safe
circuits.

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Intrinsic Safety i
Intrinsically safe electrical apparatus is electrical apparatus in which

all the circuits are intrinsically safe.
Associated electrical apparatus is electrical apparatus in which the

circuits are not all intrinsically safe but which contains circuits that can
affect the safety of intrinsically safe circuits connected.
Example : a recorder which is mounted not in a potentially explosive
atmosphere, but which is connected to a thermocouple situated within
a potentially explosive atmosphere where only the recorder input
circuit is intrinsically safe.

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Intrinsic Safety i
Intrinsically safe electrical apparatus is arranged in Groups and Classes
according to General requirements of DIN EN50 014 / VDE 0170/0171
part 1. ie. Group IIA, IIB and IIC.
Intrinsically safe electrical apparatus is additionally divided into categories :

ia and ib
The European Standards worked out the requirements for both categories
ia and ib of the electrical apparatus under the presupposition that
electrical apparatus of category ia is suitable for Zone 0 and that of
category ib for use in Zone 1.

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Exn ( Zone 2 only)
Exn generally is a group of techniques all following
the zone 2 principle that the electrical equipment in
normal operating circumstances cannot ignite the
gas/vapour and a fault that may cause ignition is
not likely to occur.
This leads to lower cost construction techniques
most applications for Lighting & electronic
apparatus due to the no ignition potential
principle
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Exn techniques ( Zone 2 only)
ExnR Restricted breathing design By ensuring a superior sealing
system (which must be possible to test to agreed pressures) the
possibility of a gas entering the enclosure is removed T rating is
then made outside of the fixture, flamepaths etc are not required. T
ratings made outside the fixture leading to better T ratings.
ExnA Non Sparking design the internal components are proved
by test as not possible to make sparks under normal operation and so
the possibility of ignition is removed within the T rating of the
component.
ExnC Sparking equipment in which the contacts are suitably
protected other than ExnR restricted breathing technique

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Ex-nR MEASURING TEMPERATURES
DIVISION 2 Ex-nR
LAMP GLOBE

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Selection of Electrical Apparatus
Suitability for installation
l Certification and marking.

l Suitability for environment

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Types of entry
l Conduit installation.
l Cable installation by Cable Glands
i) Fixed cables
a) Direct entry in to Exd
b) Entry in to Exe
ii) Flexible cables

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Other factors for the selection
l Advantages of Ex de combinations
Individual component and individual
contact encapsulation.
l Ease of installation
l Ease of operation
l Ease of maintenance

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Direct entry of
cables Ex-d flameproof
into the Ex-d enclosed
compartment compartment
Flameproof enclosure with direct cable entry

to EN/IEC
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Conduit system Ex-d flameproof
enclosed
compartment
Ex-d seal
Flameproof enclosure with flameproof enclosed

conduit installation to NEC
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NEC 505
Class I Zone 0, Zone 1 and 2 locations
All standard Types of Protection in the IEC 60079 harmonized

in to the US standard.
The basic differences amongst others are:
the wire sizes, types of entry, voltage and current ratings.
The use of the type of protection Increased Safety e !!
The requirement for American installation practice from the
Division system in the NEC 505/1999 Ex-d (flameproof) cable
glands for Ex-e enclosures was abolished in the NEC 505/2002.

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NEC Concept Class I, Division 1
Conduit system
With terminals. Not
considered sparking
devices
No sealing required

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Conduit system
Presence of sparking
device
Sealing fitting required
This construction also
required in Class I,
Division 2, if sparking
device is present

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Armored explosionproof
cable
Cable gland with integral
seal required

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Conduit system
Encapsulated sparking
device (explosionproof)
No sealing required
Factory-sealed
concept

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Conduit system
No sealing fitting
required

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Industrial grade cable
Industrial grade cable
gland

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IEC/EN Concept Zone 1
Permitted connecting methods and cable entries
Ex-e terminal Ex-d flameproof
compartment enclosed
with standard explosion compartment
protected cable glands
for plastic or rubber
sheath cables as well as
for non-armoured and
metal armoured cables. Ex-e connection
compartment
Cable gland for plastic cable

Cable gland for armoured cable
Trumpet-shaped cable gland for flexible cable Flameproof enclosed components in enclosure
of increased safety design to EN/IEC
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Direct entry of cables

into the Ex-d
compartment. Ex-d flameproof
For armoured or non- enclosed
armoured cables compartment
Compression or packing
types
> or < 2L volumes
Flameproof enclosure with direct cable entry

to EN/IEC

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Ex-d flameproof
Conduit system enclosed
compartment
Ex-d seal
Flameproof enclosure with flameproof enclosed

conduit installation to IEC/EN/NEC
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Enclosure encapsulation

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Component encapsulation

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Individual contact encapsulation

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NEC Wiring

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IEC Wiring

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IEC Wiring and Installation

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IEC Installation

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IEC Installation

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NEC Installation

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NEC Installation

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NEC Installation

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NEC Installation

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NEC Installation
Our Code Digest is a

great assistance to
understand NEC
Codes and standards

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Marking
GHG 4118101L0000
Switch rating : 400VAC 4Amps
Class I Div 2 Gr. A.B.C. and D

55GM Class II Div 1 Gr. E.F.G (cUL),Class II Div 2 Gr. F.G(UL)
Class I Zone 1 AEx de II C T6 Ex de II C T6
1299
Indust. Control Equip. for
Haz.Loc.

Standards Training
Dust ignition protection
according to the European standards

Standards Training
1. Basics of dust ignition protection
1.1 Definitions
Combustible dusts:
Dust, fibres or flyings that can burn or glow in air and could form
explosive mixtures with air at atmospheric pressure and normal
temperatures.
Conductive dusts:
Dust, fibres or flyings with electrical resistivity equal to or less
than 10 W m.
Ignition temperature of a dust layer:
The lowest temperature of a hot surface at which ignition occurs
in a dust layer of specified thickness on this hot surface.
Ignition temperature of a dust cloud:
The lowest temperature of the hot inner wall of a furnace at which
ignition occurs in a dust cloud in air contained therein.
Standards Training
2. European standards activities for dust
ignition protection
Until now there was no detailed standard for dust ignition
protection.
In VDE 0165 a few requirements were defined for dust ignition
protected apparatus for use in Zone 11 as there were no
manufacturing and testing standards, for Zone 10 apparatus VDE
0170/0171, Part 13 was applicable.
The European standards for dust ignition protection are now

regulated:
In the new EC- Ex- Directive 94/9/EG (ATEX 95a) dust ignition
protection is handled in the same way as gas explosion protection.

Standards Training
3. Zones for dust ignition endangered areas
old Zone definitions

according to the explosion protection directives of the BG Chemie
and former Elex V as well as VDE 0165:
Zone 10:
Zone 10 includes areas in which potentially explosive atmospheres
caused by dusts are present often or for longer periods.
Zone 11:
Zone 11 includes the areas in which potentially explosive atmospheres
can be expected for short periods due to dust deposits occasionally
being blown about by turbulence.

Standards Training
new Zone definitions
to EN 1127-1, DIN EN 50281-1-2 and
IEC 60241
Zone 20:
Zone 20 areas in which combustible dust, as a cloud, is present
continuously or frequently during normal operation.
Zone 21:
Zone 21 areas in which combustible dust, as a cloud, is likely to
occur during normal operation.
Zone 22:
Zone 22 areas in which combustible dust clouds may occur
infrequently, and persist for only short periods.

Standards Training
4. Requirements for dust ignition protected
apparatus according to their application as
laid down in ATEX 95a
The requirements for apparatus vary and are based on the degree
of Potential hazard for the individual zones.
According to the area of use the apparatus is divided in to different
categories in line with the EC Ex Directives.
Category 1 Products for Zone 20

Standards Training
5. Identification of dust ignition protected
apparatus to ATEX 95a and their use in the
different Zones
Area of use Zone Apparatus category Marking
Dust- 20 1 II 1 D
Air- 21 2 II 2 D
Mixture 22 3 II 3 D

Standards Training
Test requirements for dust ignition
protected apparatus to EN 50281-1-1
The requirements on electrical apparatus for Dust ignition protection
by enclosures are widely based on the General requirements for
gas explosion protected apparatus EN 50014.
Additional dust relevant requirements:

Protection against dust ingress in enclosures
IP 6X (Zone 20, 21 and conductive dusts Zone 22)
IP 5X (Zone 22)
The ignition temperature of a dust cloud and the glow temperature of
a dust layer up to 5 mm thickness is to be determined by the method
given in EN 50281-2-1. For thicker dust layers special requirements
must be followed.

Standards Training
10. Example of markings
Unlike the markings for gas Ex apparatus the
temperature class (T1 - T6) is not given but the
max. surface temperature T
In addition the IP- rating must be given.
Apparatus category 2 Apparatus category 3
N.A.: Name or symbol of notified body

Standards Training
Markets for dust ignition protected apparatus
What markets fall under this new regulation?

- Flour mills, silos
- Animal food manufacturers
- Saw mills
- Fertiliser manufacturers
- Places of work where coal dust or metal dusts are generated
- Places of work where plastic granules are produced or processed
- All places of work in chemical plants where combustible dusts are
generated

Standards Training
Standards Training
What is IECEx?
The IECEx Scheme is an International Conformity

Assessment Scheme covering Electrical Apparatus
for Explosive Atmospheres, as the Internationally
accepted means of
demonstrating conformity with IEC Standards prepared
by IEC TC31

Standards Training
Flexibility of IECEx
Manufacturers Can apply for:

IECEx Certificate of Conformity, which is displayed on the
IECEx internet Website
IECEx Test Reports (previously known as ATRs) for the

purpose of Mutual Recognition to access local National
certification;
Provides a Fast Track Process to National Certification

Standards Training
The future has startet
First certificates on the web

Standards Training

3 Hazardous Area Codes and Standards

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Standards Training for Electrical

COOPER CROUSE-HINDS ASIA PACIFIC

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A gas does not have a liquid state at normal

A vapour may co-exist with its liquid state at

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In order to stipulate the necessary protective measures

The IEC and EN classification in to 3 Zones or

the NEC classification in to 2 divisions.

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ZONE 0 - areas in which an explosive atmosphere is

ZONE 1 - areas in which an explosive atmosphere can be

ZONE 2 - areas in which an explosive atmosphere is only to

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Division 1- locations where flammable gasses or vapours may exist:

Division 2 - locations where flammable gasses, vapours or volatile liquids

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Zone 0 > 1000 hours/year

Zone 1 10-1000 hours/year

Zone 2 < 10 hours/year

Non-Ex < 1 hour/year

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Zone 0 Zone 2 Zone 1

Petrol Tank Fuel Lines Production Areas

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Zone 20 - is always in suspension in the air

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The development of all

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First came the mule with a candle but

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First Explosion Protection

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Zones 0, 1 and 2 introduced

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Division 2 Not Normally

This article covers the requirements for the

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The First numeral indicates

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Type 3 Enclosures are intended for outdoor use primarily to provide a

Type 3R Enclosures are intended for outdoor use primarily to provide a

Type 4 Enclosures are intended for indoor or outdoor use primarily to

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Type 4X Enclosures are intended for indoor or outdoor use primarily to

Type 7 Enclosures are for use indoors in locations classified as Class 1,

Type 12 Enclosures are intended for indoor use primarily to provide a

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Countries proposing to adopt

Australia South Africa

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I GB BASEFFA (EECS / SCS)

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