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2. Coagulation
3. Multi-Media Filters
1
Filtration Mechanisms
Filtration Mechanisms
Cleaning:
Air Scour
Back Flush Flow
Multi-Media Filters
Multi-Media Filters - PSVM
The Flow Through The Vessels is Determined By The Level Controller
On The Downstream Vacuum Tower Sump in Normal Operation.
The Output From LIC-0442016 is Fed to the Setpoints of Each MMF
Flow Controller (FIC-0441016A/B/C/D/E). This Ensures That in
Normal Operation (Under Deaerator Level Control) The Flow is
Shared Equally Between All Online Vessels, Regardless of the Media
Bed dp Condition.
The Setpoints of Each MMF Flow Controller (FIC-
0441016A/B/C/D/E) Shall Be Clamped at 110% of Design Flow, to
Prevent Over Fluxing.
In The Event That The RO Package is to be Supplied From the MMF,
the Flow Through the Filters is Set by the RO Package Demand Only.
Inlet Flow Control Valves (FV-0441016A/B/C/D/E) Will Be Fully
Open, as They are Not Controlled Via Deaerator Level in This
Situation.
Multi-Media Filters - PSVM
As Seawater Particulates are Retained Within The Filter Bed, They Must Be
Removed by a Backwash Process.
The Backwash Sequence Consists of a Series of Stages Designed to Clean
and Condition the Media Bed. The Backwash Flow Control Valve Allows
Feed Water at a Controlled Rate Into the Bottom of the Filters.
Only One MMF Vessel is Backwashed at a Time With the MMF Backwashes
Being Evenly Distributed Over a Period of Time. The Backwash Process is
Normally Performed on a Timed Basis (Typically Once Per Day Per Vessel, or
as Little as Once Per Week For Installations With Very Low Solids Loading).
But Can Be Over-ridden by High Differential Pressure or Operator Initiation
if Necessary.
During the Backwash Process the Inlet Flowrate Increases as Required to
Meet the Normal Filtrate Demand (For Downstream SRP) and the MMF
Backwash Flowrates.
The MMF and Coarse Filter Backwashes are Interlocked to Prevent Both
Occurring Simultaneously.
Should a MMF be in Maintenance Mode During 3 Train Operation or 2
MMFs be in Maintenance Mode During 3 Train Operation, and a Backwash
is Requested Via the BIT, an OAR Shall be Displayed "Not Enough
Multimedia Filters Online For SRP Trains. Next Backwash Will Initiate
Shutdown of the Longest Running SRP Train.
Key Equipment Sizing Criteria Dual media
Filters
5 Single chamber pressurised DMFs
Filtration Velocity = 16.1 m/h (5 chambers in service)
Filtration Velocity = 21.3 m/h (4 chambers in service)
Pumice (top layer) + fine graded sand (bottom layer).
Target SDI = 3.0 to 5.0 max
Manway
PUMICE 0.8m
SAND 0.6m
Multi-Media Nozzle
Multi-Media Nozzles From Top of Plate
Multi-Media Nozzle From Under Plate
Multi-Media Nozzle Plate Partially Filled
Multi-Media Filter Air Scour
Purpose of Air Scouring:
Media Air Scour is required as a sequence in the filter backwash to
achieve the following :
To loosen dirt and suspended solids
To eliminates mud ball formation
To provide affective cleaning action due to abrasion between
grains
Main Components
2 100% Air Scour Blowers
All the required valves
Acoustic enclosure ( due to unacceptable noise level)
Multi-Media Filter Air Scour
Motor
Inlet Silencer
with Filter
Flexible
Connection
Blower Discharge
Silencer
Air Scour Blower
Multi-Media Filter Air Distribution Test
The purpose of this test is to
check the alignment of the Seawater inlet
Backwash FCV
Multi-Media Filter Air Distribution Test
Crack Open DMF Backwash
Inlet isolation valve. Monitor
water level & stop filling when Seawater inlet
Backwash Outlet
Seawater Inlet Bypass
Backwash FCV
Multi-Media Filter Air Distribution Test
Start Air Scour blower
Open Air Scour Outlet valve
Open DMF air Scour Inlet Seawater inlet
valve
From Intake
Pumps
Air through
nozzles
air slot
VVF Overview
Single DMF/MMF Valving Arrangement
DMF/MMF Flow Sequences
Backwash
Feed
water
Cartridge filters
Rinse
Rinse
Rinse
DMF/MMF Backwash Sequences
Backwash Outlet
Feed Water
Inlet
Upper Vent
Upper Vent Upper Vent Backwash Rinse
Lower
Lower Vent Lower Vent
Vent
AIR SCOUR
Rinse
Rinse
Rinse
DMF/MMF Operation
WHY RINSING TO WASTE ?
After Backwash, Filtered Water Should be Wasted Until
the Turbidity in The Effluent Meets Acceptable
Standards.
Depending on the Type of Filter, This May Last From 2 to
20 Minutes.
This Wasting is Needed as Some Suspended Material
Remains in the Filter Media Following the Backwash.
Filtration Rate is Higher in a Clean Filter, Causing More
Material to be Swept From the Filter During the Start-up.
Backwash Cycle
Backwash water Turbidity v Time
500
BW Water Turbidity (NTU)
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 3 6 9 12 15 18
Backwash Time (mn)
DMF/MMF Operation - Backwash
Turbidity Profile after backwash (During Rinse + Service Duration)
DMF/MMF Operation Online Steps (slide
1of 2)
to DMFs
Trench
From Intake
Pumps
From Air
Scour
To Self Cleaning
Strainers
From Backwash
Pumps
to DMFs
Trench
From Intake 1
Pumps
3
6
From Air 4
Scour A venting time
allowed To Self Cleaning
Strainers
7
From Backwash
Pumps
Backwash
to DMFs
Trench
2
From Intake
Pumps
From Air
Scour
To Self Cleaning
Strainers
1
From Backwash
Pumps
DMFs B to E in service
to DMFs
Trench
From Intake
Pumps
From Air
Scour
To Self Cleaning
Strainers
From Backwash
Pumps
to DMFs
Trench
From Intake
1 7
Pumps
3 8
4
6
From Air
Scour
To Self Cleaning
Strainers
From Backwash
Pumps 9
2
5
Backwash