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Suppose n0 is the number
Cathode Anode
of electrons ejected from
cathode surface
Townsend’s first ionization coefficient, is
defined by the number of electrons
After traveling produced
a distance of x in
the gap, the number of
by one electron in moving unit
electrons has beendistance
increased to
In traveling ansmall distance of dx, this n
number of electrons produce additional dn
number of electrons by collision.
dn n dx
x After some manipulation,
d
n n 0e
dx
d
d
n n 0e
Current reaching at anode
I I0e
d Is known as electron
e Avalanche
Electron Avalanche is
defined by the number of
electrons produced by one
electron while traveling from
cathode to anode.
d
d
n n 0e
Current reaching at anode
I I0e
d Is known as electron
e Avalanche
It is defined by the
number of electrons
produced by one electron
while traveling from
cathode to anode.
x Taking ln of both side,
I I0e
ln I ln I 0 x
Ln I We get a equation
of a straight line.
x
Townsend’s second It is defined as the
ionization coefficient, number of additional
electrons emitted from
Suppose the number of the cathode, due to
electrons emitted initially positive ion collision.
from the cathode = n0
n+ = [n - (n0+n+)]
d
If e 1 Breakdown is ensured
d
If e 1 No Breakdown
Breakdown in Uniform field -VE electrons are
scattered
Avalanche
+VE ions
are crowded
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Primary
Avalanche
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10cm