1.

Vian Adi Rahayu

GROUP 5 2. Masya Marchelina

Natasukma
3. Wifqul Laili
NACL PURIFICATION
WORK STEPS Purification of
NaCl

Standardization
of AgNO3

Determination
purity level of
NaCl
OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS DATA
Structure of salt crystals
Color of the salt before
before purified
purified
large crystalline or
turbid white coarse crystalline

Structure of salt crystals

Color of the salt after
after purified the
purified
shape is more
pure white
smooth

The percentage of pure salts
weight of pure salt
= x 100%
wight of dirty NaCl
1,6226
= x100%
2,5148
= 64,52%
STANDADIZATION OF AGNO 3
Mass of NaCl p.a : 0,2527 gram
Volume of distilled water : 100 mL
Standardization of AgNO3
mass of NaCl p.a 1000 No VNaCl V AgNO
Normality of NaCl p.a = x 3
Mr 100
0,2527 1000 p.a
= x 1. 10 ml 5,0 ml
58,46 100
= 0,0432 N 2. 10 ml 4,8 ml

Vaverage 10 ml 4,9 ml
N NaCl x Volume NaCl = N AgNO3 x Volume AgNO3
N NaCl x Volume NaCl
N AgNO3 =
Volume AgNO3
0,0432 N x 10
=
4,9

= 0.0882 N
THE PURITY LEVELS OF NACL BEFORE
RECRYSTALLIZATION PROCESS No VNaCl V AgNO3
Mass of NaCl = 0,2542 gram 1. 10 ml 3,9 ml
N AgNO3 = 0,0882 N 2. 10 ml 4,1 ml
Theoretically 3. 10 ml 3,8 ml
N AgNO3 x Volume AgNO3 = N NaCl(dirty) x Volume NaCl (dirty) Vaverage 10 ml 3,9 ml
0,0882 N x 3,9 ml = N NaCl(dirty) x 10 ml
0,0882 N x 3,9 ml
N NaCl(dirty) =
10 ml
%NaCl before recrystallization
= 0,034398 N VxN AgNO3 x 58,46
%NaCl before recrystallization = x100%
W x 1000
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 1000 3,9 x 0,0882 x 58,46
N NaCl(dirty) = x = x 100%
𝑀𝑟 𝑣 0,2542 x 1000
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 1000 = 7,9107% (in 10 mL)
0,034398 N = x
58,46 100
0,034398 x 58,46𝑥100 = 79,107% (in 100 mL)
Mass of NaCl (dirty) =
1000
= 0,201091 gram
0,201091 gram
% Mass of NaCl (dirty) = x100%
0,2542 gram

= 79,10728%
THE PURITY LEVELS OF NACL
AFTER RECRYSTALLIZATION
PROCESS
Purity of NaCl =
VxN AgNO3 x 58,46
x100%
Theoretically
W x 1000
N AgNO3 x Volume AgNO3 = N NaCl(pure) x Volume NaCl (pure)
4,65 x 0,0882 x 58,46 0,0895 N x 3,65 ml = N NaCl(pure) x 10 ml
= x 100%
0,2518 x 1000
0,0882 Nx 4,65 ml
N NaCl(pure) =
= 9,5219 % (in 10 mL) 10 ml
= 0,041013 N
= 95,219 % (in 100 mL) 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 1000
N NaCl(pure) = 𝑀𝑟
x
𝑣
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 1000
0,041013 N = x
No VNaCl V AgNO3 58,46 100

1. 10 ml 4,7 ml Mass of NaCl (pure) =

0,041013 N x 58,46𝑥100
1000
2. 10 ml 4,6 ml = 0,239762 gram
0,239762 gram
Vaverage 10 ml 4,65 ml % Mass of NaCl (pure) =
0,2542 gram
x100%

= 94,3202 %
THE REACTION OCCURS IN
THE PURIFICATION NACL
DISCUSSION
 SYNTHESIS OF
POTASSIUM NITRATE
EQUIPMENT & MATERIALS
Equipment Materials
Beaker 100 mL (2) Potassium chloride
Evaporating dish (1) Sodium nitrate
Glass funnel (1) Aquades
Beaker 200 mL (1) filter paper
WORK INSTRUCTION
1. Synthesise of KNO3 Salt

25 mL aquades Heating

Dissolve 3.75 g KCl Dissolve 4.25 g NaNO3

Mixing the both

solution

Evaporate in water heater until the

volume 10 mL

Cooling in refrigerator

Filtering the crystal

2. Purification of KNO3 crystal

Washing with dropping with little

of hot water 2.5 mL

Crystal Solution

Cooling
Filtering the crystal so it free from
ions

Filtrate Residu

Calculating the rendamen Weighting the crystal

OBSERVATION DATA & CALCULATION
Color and structure (solid, liquid, gas) KCl: White, solid.
Color and structure (solid, liquid, gas) NaNO3: White, solid.
Color and structure (solid, liquid, gas) KNO3: White, solid.
The reactions that occur in the experiment:
KCl (s) + H2O (l) → K+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
NaNO3 (s) + H2O (l) → Na+ (aq) + NO3- (aq)
KCl (aq) + NaNO3 (aq) → KNO3 (aq) + NaCl (aq)

t = 0°C
KNO3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) ————→ KNO3 (s) + NaCl (aq)
Weight of KNO3 crystals produced: 3.2607 gram
Crystal color and structure of KNO3: White needle crystal
The percentage of KNO3 yield:
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝐶𝑙
Mole of KCl =
𝑀𝑟 𝐾𝐶𝑙
3.7535 𝑔
=
74.5 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

= 0.0504 mol
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 NaNO3
Mole of NaNO3 =
𝑀𝑟 NaNO3
4.2523 𝑔
=
85 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

= 0.0500 mol
 KCl (aq) + NaNO3 (aq) → KNO3 (s) + NaCl (aq)
M: 0.0504 mol 0.0500 mol
R: 0.0500 mol 0.0500 mol 0.0500 mol 0.0500 mol
—————————————————————————————————
S: 0.0004 mol - 0.0500 mol 0.0500 mol

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝑁𝑂3 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑥 𝑀𝑟

= 0.0500 mol x 101
= 5.05 gram
𝑃𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝑁𝑂3
% yield of KNO3 = 𝑥 100%
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝑁𝑂3
3.2607
= 𝑥 100%
5.05
= 64.57%
DISCUSSION
The principle of the synthesis of potassium nitrate experiment is based on
differences in solubility of each reagent. Methods that used are crystallization and
recrystallization. Crystallization is a method of separation by means of crystal formation
so that the mixture can be separated while recrystallization is purification sludge
resulting from the crystallization. To make potassium nitrate is by reacting potassium
chloride with sodium nitrate. If a saturated solution was reacted formed KNO3 and NaCl.
At saturation of KCl and NaNO3 used distilled water with a very small volume. Dilution
with distilled water aim to dissolve the solids of KCl and NaNO3 but KCl solubility in
water longer than the solubility of NaNO3. When the both materials dissolving with
distilled water, the material will break down into ions. The reaction that occurs are:
KCl (s) + H2O (l) → K+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
NaNO3 (s) + H2O (l) → Na+ (aq) + NO3- (aq)
 To get the KNO3 should be mixing KCl solution with NaNO3 solution. It is intended
to speed up the reaction occurs and that occurs the ion exchange, there are K+ ion of
KCl will bind to NO3- ion of NaNO3 and form KNO3, while Na+ ion binds to Cl- ion and
form NaCl. The reaction that occur is:
KCl (aq) + NaNO3 (aq) → KNO3 (aq) + NaCl (aq)
The purpose from the saturation of the solution is for the state of saturation and
high concentrations of crystal formation will be maximized. While the first filtering aims
to separate the product from impurities contained.
After the mixture of the solutions was saturated (approximately the volume to 10
mL) and then cooled. The purpose of refrigeration is to get crystal of KNO3 because
according to the theory, crystals of KNO3 formed at low temperatures. So that when the
solution was cooled with ice bath stone, crystals of KNO3 are formed or crystallized.
While the other salt (NaCl) will not precipitate or crystallize because NaCl very high
solubility in water, and NaCl will precipitate if the solvent is completely depleted. The
reaction that occur:

t = 0°C
KNO3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) ————→ KNO3 (s) + NaCl (aq)
 After cooled a few minutes in ice bath stone contained a white precipitate is
shaped like a needle, it is estimated as crystals or precipitates of KNO3 because
according to the theory, characteristics of KNO3 precipitate is colored white like needle so-
called prisms with the length of about 0.2 to 2 cm. After it is filtered through the
separation of water and the precipitate from cooling in beaker glass. In this filtering
process used paper filter, the precipitate that filtered are salt of KNO3, while the filtrate is
NaCl.
After filtered, crystals of KNO3 was recrystallization. This recrystallization is a
method of purifying the solids. Recrystallization is a very important method for purification
because of its simplicity and effectiveness. The purpose from recrystallization is to
concentrate the precipitate with the aim to eliminate the water molecules are still bound in
the precipitate to obtain a solution that is more pure. After a truly pure then cooled a few
minutes. After cooling will form crystals that can be observed. This is done because in the
process of formation of crystals takes time for bonding between molecules. And for the
crystals of KNO3 the possibility still exists impurities are then carried recrystallization in
order to obtain pure crystals of KNO3 to form white powder.
Then weighed the white powder obtained and gained the weight of yield was
3.2607 gram. This contrasts with the results of theoretical calculation is 5.05 gram, so that
the yield obtained was 64.57%. The yield that obtained from this experiment better than
other in the same experiment as quantity. This is cause the cooling process that repeatedly.
Nevertheless, as quality this product not better than other. Crystals of KNO3 that obtained
less dry, so the crystals not all seems like needle.
CONCLUSION
1. Making KNO3 can be carried out by reacting KCl and NaNO3 which will
be formed in the form of sodium chloride byproduct.
2. Separation of KNO3 and NaCl based on differences in solubility in water
at a certain temperature. Solubility KNO3 decreases with decreasing
temperature whereas the solubility of NaCl is relatively constant with
changes in temperature.
3. The yield of KNO3 produced by 64.57%.
SUGESTION
1. Crystal from filtering results must wait until it is completely dry,
so everything looks like a needle.
2. To get rendamen that much, the filtrate from first filtered cooled
again and again.
THANK YOU