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General introduction
Swarm Intelligence (SI)
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) & Differential Evolution (DE)
Artificial Bee Colony (ABC)
Artificial super-Bee enhanced Colony (AsBeC)
ABC vs. AsBeC on benchmark test functions
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Ant colony optimization (ACO)
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Good explorative skills but poor local search for refinement, so slow
convergence rate, and possibility to get trapped in local minima if
the swarm clusters to early (premature convergence or collapse)
Local Best
This variation reduces the sharing of information between
particles to a smaller neighborhood, overlapping the
congregations in order to enable convergence to the global
best. This version is slower to converge but it is less susceptible
to local minima[
Inertia Weight
This variation aims to balance the exploitation of good solutions
and the exploration of new areas, by multiplying the
momentum component in velocity formulation by a specific
inertia weight 0.9<w<1.2
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Antennas
Biomedical
Control
Design
Distribution Networks & Artificial Neural Networks
Electronics and Electromagnetics
Engines and Motors
Fuzzy and Neuro-fuzzy
Image, Graphics , Video and Visualization
Metallurgy
Power Systems and Plants
Prediction and Forecasting
Robotics
Scheduling
Signal Processing
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Differential Evolution optimizes a problem by iteratively trying to
improve a candidate solution with regard to a given measure of
quality. Typical example of metaheuristic:
It make no assumptions about the problem being optimized
It can search very large spaces
It does not guarantee an optimal solution is ever found
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Since the original paper by Karaboga many researches on the
topic were developed, but no one underlines a performance gain
even with few function evaluations. This framework motivates the
willingness of introducing and analyzing modifications effective with
small bee colonies and few iterations.
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Sphere Dixon-Price
Perm Rosenbrock
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Ackley Griewank
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For each test function and for each configuration of technologies
were performed 300 runs with a colony of 16 bees, limit parameter
equal to 10 and 100 overall iterations, corresponding to a maximum
of 1600 function evaluation. MATLAB® coding.
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Opposition principle
Postponed hive dance Prophet
+ Strictly biased
Check=3 Step=0.5
Second order onlooker assignment
interpolation
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Since a modern workstation offers great calculation power thanks
to numerous processing units, it is straightforward to take
advantage of this technology even without make use of distributed
computing or clusters. As a consequence, the serial AsBeC code
have been modified into parallel versions.
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Multi-start parallel approach
It is the simplest way to take advantages from parallelization,
consisting in running many independent instances of the
optimization process in parallel, with different random seeds.
Multi-swarm parallel approach
It is thought to be a better way to exploit the Multi-Start parallel
approach considering the same number of total function
evaluations. Multi-Swarm comprises communication among the
different colony that are running in parallel.
Bee-by-Bee parallel approach
In the BbB half the colony moves all together in parallel. Losses
in performance are expected since there is no improvement
communication during the 8 parallel runs and no sequential
adjourning of upgraded food sources. The colony convergence
slows down but its explorative skills are intensified. This
approach is affordable when time bottleneck are not in threads
communication but in function evaluation.
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Tests with 10^5 function evaluations
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Rastrigin function 2D, -2<xi<3
AsBeC
ABC
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Modern aeronautic Low Pressure gas Turbines (LPTs) for aeronautics
are already characterized by high quality standards, thus they offer
very narrow margins of improvement. Typical design process starts
with a Concept Design (CD) phase, defined using mean-line 1D and
other low-order tools, and evolves through a Preliminary Design (PD)
phase, which allows the geometric definition in details.
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In this framework, the intensive application and tuning of
multidisciplinary high-performance and multi-objective
optimization strategies is the only way to properly handle the
complicated peculiarities of the design.
During the years, different strategies and algorithms that have been
implemented, from the simplest to the forefront ones:
A basic gradient method;
A path-based semi-random second order method, Interpolated
Random Walk (IRW);
Multi-objective Genetic Diversity Evolutionary Algorithm
(GeDEA, University of Padua, Prof. E. Benini and Dr. L. Dal Mas);
A multi-objective response surface approach based on Artificial
Neural Network (ANN) and Latin Optimal Hypercube (LOH);
The brand new AsBeC algorithm, SI of bee colony.
Parallelization, speedup arrangements and hybrid strategies.
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PD phase was selected as a real-like design benchmark to illustrate
results. In this phase, 3D blade’s local geometries (typically 5%, 50%
and 95%) are refined by means of Q3D CFD simulations (from ~15 [s]
to ~30 [m] per run).
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In the PD framework, two different type of optimization problems
have been addressed in single row environment:
Fitting operations 3D/Q3D
It ensures a reliable geometry optimization, consisting in
overlapping the isentropic 3D/Q3D Mach profiles. Challenging 5
dimensional quasi mono-objective optimization problem,
characterized by jagged and very large boundaries not well-
known. The solution may not be unique and the domain space
usually presents many minima with close objective function.
Geometrical optimization
Core of the PD phase. Inherently multi-objective with strongly
contrasting targets, but easy-knowable boundaries to set for
feasibility. Typically multidisciplinary, at least aero-mechanical,
it is a 6 dimensional problem and 3 reference objective are set:
efficiency, target area and Mach+Convergence.
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Fitting 3D/Q3D
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Fitting problem represent one of the severest test case to be fine
solved quickly for population-based algorithms, due to boundary
settings. Path-based algorithm (IRW) are advantaged.