Turning Center

Programming And Operation

Lesson One:
Machine Configurations

Copyright 2002, CNC Concepts, Inc.

 2
Key Concept You must understand the
Number One machine you’ll be working with!
FANUC 10T
O N G P A 7 8 9 RESET

POWER
ON X00.0000 X
I
U Y
J
V Z
K
W Q
R
B
C Sp
4
1
5 6
2 3
START

OFF
Z00.0000 F
M
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[
D
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T
@

(
L @

EOB)
#
/
,

*
-
+
0
= CAN
CALC

INPUT

PAGE CURSOR

SHIFT NC/PC

AUX

In key concept #1 we look at the CYCLE

START
FEED
HOLD
MDI JOG ON

machine from a programmer’s viewpoint

AUTO HANDLE OFF
DRY SINGLE MACHINE OPTIONAL BLOCK
ZERO RUN BLOCK LOCK STOP DELETE
EDIT
MODE RETURN OFF ON ORIGIN
100% 25% 50%
X Z
X+ 10% 100% X10
MEMORY X1 X100
Z- Z+ PROTECT X Z

0% 200% 9 10 11
8 12
X- 7
FEEDRATE RAPID 6
JOYSTICK
OVERRIDE OVERRIDE 5
4 0
3
EMERGENCY
STOP ON OFF 2
SPINDLE SLOW FAST 1 TURRET INDEX

100% 100%
0% 130% 0% 130%

OD ID
SPINDLE LOAD AXIS LOAD

X Z
CLAMP
DIRECTION

In key concept #7 we look at the

machine from an operator’s viewpoint

Key concept #1
CHUCK TAILSTOCK

From programmer’s viewpoint Key concept #7

From operator’s viewpoint
 3
Key Concept You must understand the
Number One machine you’ll be working with!

Seven Lessons
Machine configurations
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
General flow of CNC Usage
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Understanding program zero
Determining program zero assignment values
Three ways to assign program zero
 4
Key Concept You must understand the
Number One machine you’ll be working with!

Seven Lessons
Machine configurations
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
General flow of CNC Usage
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Understanding program zero
Determining program zero assignment values
Three ways to assign program zero
 5
Key Concept You must understand the
Number One machine you’ll be working with!

Seven Lessons
Machine configurations
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
General flow of CNC Usage
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Understanding program zero
Determining program zero assignment values
Three ways to assign program zero
 6
Key Concept You must understand the
Number One machine you’ll be working with!

Seven Lessons
Machine configurations
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
General flow of CNC Usage
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Understanding program zero
Determining program zero assignment values
Three ways to assign program zero
 7
Key Concept You must understand the
Number One machine you’ll be working with!

Seven Lessons
Machine configurations
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
General flow of CNC Usage
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Understanding program zero
Determining program zero assignment values
Three ways to assign program zero
 8
Key Concept You must understand the
Number One machine you’ll be working with!

Seven Lessons
Machine configurations
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
General flow of CNC Usage
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Understanding program zero
Determining program zero assignment values
Three ways to assign program zero
 9
Key Concept You must understand the
Number One machine you’ll be working with!

Seven Lessons
Machine configurations
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
General flow of CNC Usage
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Understanding program zero
Determining program zero assignment values
Three ways to assign program zero
 10
Key Concept You must understand the
Number One machine you’ll be working with!

Seven Lessons
Machine configurations
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
General flow of CNC Usage
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Understanding program zero
Determining program zero assignment values
Three ways to assign program zero
 11
Key Concept You must understand the
Number One machine you’ll be working with!

Seven Lessons
Machine configurations
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
General flow of CNC Usage
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Understanding program zero
Determining program zero assignment values
Three ways to assign program zero
 12

Lesson Number One:

Machine Configurations
 13
Lesson One Lesson Plan
1 Basic machining practice
1 Machine configurations
1 Universal slant bed
1 Chucker slant bed
1 Twin spindle horizontal
1 Single/twin spindle vertical
1 Mill/turn machines
1 Programmable functions
 14
Lesson One Lesson Plan
1 Basic machining practice
1 Machine configurations
1 Universal slant bed
1 Chucker slant bed
1 Twin spindle horizontal
1 Single/twin spindle vertical
1 Mill/turn machines
1 Programmable functions
 15
Lesson One Lesson Plan
1 Basic machining practice
1 Machine configurations
1 Universal slant bed
1 Chucker slant bed
1 Twin spindle horizontal
1 Single/twin spindle vertical
1 Mill/turn machines
1 Programmable functions
 16
Lesson One Lesson Plan
1 Basic machining practice
1 Machine configurations
1 Universal slant bed
1 Chucker slant bed
1 Twin spindle horizontal
1 Single/twin spindle vertical
1 Mill/turn machines
1 Programmable functions
 17
Lesson One Lesson Plan
1 Basic machining practice 1 1
1 Machine configurations
1 Universal slant bed
1 Chucker slant bed
1 Twin spindle horizontal
1 Single/twin spindle vertical
1 Mill/turn machines
1 Programmable functions
 18
Presentation links
Key concept #1 Programmable features
Basic machining practice Turret
Machine configurations Spindle
Universal slant bed Feedrate
Chucker Coolant
Twin spindle horizontal
Sub-spindle
Single spindle vertical
Twin spindle vertical
Mill / turn
Gang style
Sliding headstock
 19

Basic Machining Practice

The Key To Proper CNC

Machine Usage!

You must understand basic machining

practice as it relates to turning centers
 20
Though basic machining practice is beyond
the scope of this course…
…you must understand:
4Machining operations
Like: Rough turning/finish turning
Rough boring/finish boring
Drilling
Tapping
Threading
Grooving/necking
Knurling
 21
Though basic machining practice is beyond
the scope of this course…
…you must understand:
4Machining operations
4Processing

Processing:
Development of the machining order
by which the workpiece is produced
 22
Though basic machining practice is beyond
the scope of this course…
…you must understand:
4Machining operations
4Processing
4Cutting conditions

You must be able to determine spindle

speed, feedrate, and depth of cut based
upon cutting tool material workpiece
material, and rigidity of setup
 23
Though basic machining practice is beyond
the scope of this course…
…you must understand:
4Machining operations
4Processing
4Cutting conditions
4Work-holding setups
You must be able to design safe work-
holding setups
 24
Though basic machining practice is beyond
the scope of this course…
…you must understand:
4Machining operations
4Processing
4Cutting conditions
4Work-holding setups
4Blueprint reading, dimensioning, etc.
You must understand all aspects of
basic machining practice in order to
write safe, workable CNC programs
 25
Though basic machining practice is beyond
the scope of this course…
…you must understand:
If you feel
4Machining weak in your basic
operations
machining practice skills…
4Processing
4Cutting conditions
4Work-holding setups
See pages 1-1
4Blueprint reading, dimensioning, etc.
through 1-37 in the
You muststudent
understand all aspects of
manual!
basic machining practice in order to
write safe, workable CNC programs
 26

Machine Configurations

Turning centers are

available in several styles
 27
There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
P Universal slant bed
P Chucker slant bed
P Twin spindle horizontal
P Single spindle vertical
P Twin spindle vertical
P Mill/turn machines
P Gang type
P Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
 28
There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
P Universal slant bed
P Chucker slant bed
P Twin spindle horizontal
P Single spindle vertical
P Twin spindle vertical
P Mill/turn machines
P Gang type
P Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
Front view of machine

Universal style slant bed turning center

Headstock
& Spindle

Universal style slant bed turning center

 Work-holding
Device

Universal style slant bed turning center

 Center Body
Quill

Tailstock
Universal style slant bed turning center
 Turret

Universal style slant bed turning center

 34
That’s why it’s called a “universal” style

A universal slant bed turning

center can perform all types of
turning applications:

4Chucker work
4Shaft work
4Bar work

Universal style slant bed turning center

 - Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

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- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

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- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

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- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

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- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

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- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

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- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 42

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 43

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 44

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 45

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 46

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 47

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 48

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 49

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 50

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 51

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 52

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 53

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 54

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 55

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 56

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 57

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 58

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 59

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 60

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

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- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 62

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 63

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 64

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 65

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 66

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 67

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 68

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 69

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 70

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 71

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 72

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 73

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 74
Z is the length controlling axis

- Z Axis
+

Universal style slant bed turning center

 +

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 76
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 77
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 78
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 79
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 80
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 81
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 82
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 83
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 84
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 85
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 86
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 87
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 88
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 89
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 90
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 91
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 92
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 93
+

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 94
X is the diameter controlling axis +

X Axis
-
Universal style slant bed turning center
 +
X is DIAMETER

X Axis
If you want to turn a 3.0 inch diameter…

3.000

-
X3.0
X3.0 will be the commanding word

Universal style slant bed turning center

 96
+
X is DIAMETER

X Axis
Once again:
3.000
X is always the diameter-controlling axis
Z is always the length controlling axis
Also: -
X+: always gets bigger in diameter
Z+: always away from the spindle
X3.0
Though some machine tool builders
reverse the polarity of the X axis
Universal style slant bed turning center