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Chapter 5
Chapter Objectives
Chapter 5 2
Recall - I
Various router components include:
Processor
ROM
RAM
Flash
NVRAM
Configuration Register
Bootstrap Program
Chapter 5 3
Recall - II
Mini-IOS
ROM Monitor
Assigning banners
setting password
Chapter 5 4
Router Interfaces
Router interfaces provide connection between the
host and the network
Interfaces supported by Cisco routers include:
ISDN
ATM
FDDI
Ethernet
Fast Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet
Token ring
Chapter 5 5
Case Study
The Blue Diamond steel company, Gujarat branch has
recently opened a branch at Hyderabad. The
Software management department of Hyderabad
branch urgently requires a team of eleven software
engineers for their project. The department is not able
to exchange information regarding the same with the
Recruitment department of the Gujarat. This is mainly
because serial interface is not responding.
Chapter 5 6
Problem
Chapter 5 7
Solution
Chapter 5 8
Router Configuration Files
The configuration files also contain the commands
that are used to configure the router
Whenever you create or change the router
configuration, it is required to save the changes to
the configuration files
The configuration files are located in the RAM,
NVRAM or TFTP server
Chapter 5 9
IOS Processes for Configuration Files
Chapter 5 10
Router IOS Image Files
The router saves configuration files and IOS image
files in the flash memory
Two types of routers based on the location of the
IOS image include:
Run from Flash (RFF) router
Chapter 5 11
Advantages of using a RFF Image
An RFF image is loaded directly to the router when
the router boots
Advantages of using a RFF Image include:
Reduced Corruption
Faster Boot
Chapter 5 12
Process of Loading an IOS from RFR
Router
The RFR routers load the image from the flash
memory into the DRAM
Chapter 5 13
Upgrading IOS Images
IOS images can be upgraded from a remote FTP
server
RFF images can be upgraded in two ways:
Dual Flash Banks
Chapter 5 14
Points to Remember before backing
up Cisco IOS
The workstation runs TFTP server software
The router and workstation have an Ethernet
connection made with crossover cable
The workstation and Ethernet interface of the router
exist on the same subnet
The copy flash tftp command gets IP address of the
workstation when you backup the image from the
router flash
The available space in flash can store the image copy
Chapter 5 15
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
CDP gives the information about locally attached
and remote devices in the network
It also gives the information about hardware and
protocol of the neighboring devices in the network
To get the information about the CDP global
parameters that can be configured on Cisco devices
using the show cdp command
Chapter 5 16
Telnet
Telnet is a virtual terminal protocol that connects the
router to remote devices
It allows you to get all the information about the
routers and run programs on the routers
The Telnet program allows you to reconfigure or
check the routers and switches without the console
cable
Chapter 5 17
Traceroute Output Options
Output Options Description
* Specifies that the wait time expired or the device failed to respond
? Indicates that the trace type in the trace packet was not identifiable
Chapter 5 18
Summary - I
A router interface provides connection between the user
host and the network
Cisco routers support interfaces such as serial, ISDN, ATM,
FDDI, Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet and Token
ring
The interface command allows you to configure a router
interface
All the interfaces are disabled by default. The no shutdown
command allows you to bring up a particular interface
Router interface configuration includes configuring ip
address, clock rate, bandwidth parameter and description
Chapter 5 19
Summary - II
The following show commands enable you to verify the
router interfaces
show interface
show ip interface
show protocols
show controllers
The Cisco routers allow you to view, save and erase the
configuration files
A backup copy of the existing IOS image is if the new
IOS image is not properly upgraded on the router
Chapter 5 20
Summary - III
Chapter 5 21
Summary - IV
Chapter 5 22