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The Story of
Psychology
“The [brain is the] most
complex physical object…
in the entire cosmos”
Owen Gingerich,
astronomer
PowerPoint®
Presentation
by Jim Foley
Margaret Floy
Washburn,
PhD
Shifting definitions of “psychology”
Carl Rogers
The Growth of
Psychology
Psychology’s pioneers have come
from many fields: physiology,
philosophy, medicine, and biology.
Advances in psychology also have
been made in many countries
Psychology has spread rapidly;
there are 71 member nations in
the IUPS.
The subjects studied in
psychology have
multiplied too… as we
shall see in this course.
The Big Issue in Psychology: N-N
The Nature-
Nurture
Question:
To what extent are
our traits already
set in place at
birth (our
“Nature”)?
And to what extent
do our traits
develop in
response to our
environment/
experience (our
“Nurture”)?
Plato: Aristotle:
Ideas such
as “the All knowledge
good” and comes through
“beauty” the senses.
are inborn.
Descartes:
Some ideas
are innate.
Example:
Example:
Example:
Example:
Enjoying
Depression
Intelligence
Shyness
Soccer
There are many
perspectives for
describing
psychological
phenomena: From different angles, you ask different questions:
Cognitive How reliable is memory? How can we improve our
perspective thinking?
Personality Industrial-Organizational
Type of research
Explore the structural problems
Biological in the brain that may be part of
autism
Study how the stages of
Developmental cognitive and emotional
development vary in autism
Clarify the difficulties autistic
Cognitive children have with
understanding sarcasm
Decide whether traits like
Personality neuroticism need to be
measured differently in autism
Find how autistic children can
Social learn social skills as procedures
if not by intuition
Explore what motivates people
Positive Psychology and contributes to life
satisfaction
Psychology’s Subfields
Applied
In addition to
psychologists,
professionals in social
work, counseling, and
marriage and family
therapy may be trained
to do psychotherapy.
First Application of Psychology:
Improving your test performance
Scientific studies show us that:
testing yourself boosts retention of material.