I have taken effort in this project.

However, it would not have

been possible without the kind support and help of many
individuals. I would like to thanks my Principal Smt.
Sharmila Rakshit and school for providing me with
facilities required to do my project.I am highly indebted to
my Physic teacher Mr. Dipankar Bhakta for his
individual guidance which has sustained my efforts in all
stages of this project work. I am really thankful to them.
Secondly i would also like to thank my parents and friends
who helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the
limited time frame.
A full wave rectifier is a device which is used to rectify all
the alternating current components in an alternating
supply and make it purely a direct current. The two
alternating halves of an alternation current are rectified in
a full wave rectifier which is an advantage over a half wave
rectifier. Most electronic devices cannot withstand very
high voltage or alternating current due to its intense high
power. The use of batteries in all devices is not practical
as their replacement and durability is a huge problem as
the device has to be dismantled each time for such
a replacement. So these rectifiers are used in most of the
electronic devices like TV’s, Radios, Chargers,
and Lightings etc.
Connecting wires

 A plug

Single lead wire - 2m

3 nuts & Bolts 2 to 3cm length

Circuit board

 A Transformer (06V)

 A capacitor ( 1000 μF)

A Resistor (1 Ω±5%)

P-N junction diodes(4nos)

 A LED

Insulation tape, Blades, soldering wax , soldering

lead, soldering iron &sand paper.
Connection details:
Connections are done as in the circuit. The A.C. supply is
given to both the input wires of the transformer and the two
ends of the secondary coil is given to the P side of the two
diodes and the N side of the diodes are twined and
then connected to one en d of the capacitor and the other
end to the center tap lead and to the resistor. Further, the
other end of capacitor with the diode connect ion is
connected to the other end of the resistor. Connect 2 leads
on both the ends of the resistor to measure the output and
this is connected to the +ve & -ve terminals of the bulb.
1st when the A.C. is supplied to the transformer, it steps
down the 230V main supply to 6 volts. It has a capability
of delivering a current of 500mA.The 6 volts A.C.
appearing across the secondary is the RMS value and the
peak value is 8.4 volts The peak voltage of the output
waveform is the same as before for the half-wave
rectifier provided each half of the transformer windings
have the same rms voltage. To obtain a different DC
voltage output different transformer ratios can be used.
The disadvantage of this type of full wave rectifier circuit
is that a larger transformer for a given power output is
required with two separate but identical secondary
windings makes this type of full wave rectifying circuit
costly compared to the Full Wave Bridge Rectifier circuit.
Given Circuit gives a overview on working of full
wave rectifier. A circuit that produces the same
output waveform as the full wave rectifier circuit a is
that of the Full Wave Bridge Rectifier. Single phase
rectifier uses four individual rectifying diodes
connected in a closed loop bridge configuration to
produce the desired output wave. The advantage of
this bridge circuit is that it does not require a special
center tapped transformer, so it reduces its size and
cost. Single secondary winding is connected to one
side of the diode bridge network and the load to the
other side. The four diodes labeled D1 to D4 are
arranged in series pairs with only two diodes
conducting current during each half cycle duration.
When the positive half cycle of the supply goes, D1,
D2 diodes conduct in a series while diodes D3 and
D4 are reverse biased and the current flows through
the load. During the negative half cycle, D3 and D4
diodes conduct in a series and diodes D1 and D2
switch off as they are now reverse biased
configuration. Current flowing through the load is
unidirectional mode and the voltage developed
across the load is also unidirectional voltage, same
as for the previous two diode full-wave rectifier
model. Therefore the average DC voltage across the
load is 0.637V.During each half cycle the current flows
through two diodes instead of just one diode, so the
amplitude of the output voltage is two voltage drops
1.4V less than the input VMAX amplitude, ripple
frequency is now twice the supply frequency 100Hz for
a 50Hz supply or 120Hz for a 60Hz supply.
The Positive Half-cycle:

The Negative Half-cycle:

 NCERT
HELP textbook class 12
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