Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Parasitology Dept.
1
Protozoa
General
4
Amoebae
Classification
• Superclass: Sarcodina
• Class : Rhizopodea
• Order : Amoebida
• Family : Entamoebidae
6
Entamoeba histolytica
General
7
Entamoeba histolytica
Morphology
8
Entamoeba histolytica
Morphology
Trophozoite
• Found in the large intestine and cecum
• The feeding stage o/t parasite
• Involves histolytic (metacystic) and minuta
(precystic) form
Cyst
• Free living resistant stage
• Infective form o/t parasite
9
Entamoeba histolytica
Morphology
10
Entamoeba histolytica
Morphology
11
E. histolytica
Morphology
Trophozoite in
vary feature and
stain
12
Entamoeba histolytica
Morphology
13
Entamoeba histolytica
Morphology
Cyst
Sized 5-20 m
Four daughter nuclei
(arrowed)
Chromatoid bars are
occasionally present
Thin wall
Remain viable for about 10
days and up to 30 days in
water
14
E. histolytica
Life Cycle
Relatively simple
and direct being
transmitted from
one host to the next
via a free-living
resistant stage -
the cyst 15
Entamoeba histolytica
Epidemiology
• Morphologically
similar to Entamoeba
histolytica
• About 3-10x larger
than a white blood
cell (PMN)
• It attacks and
destroys living red
and white blood
cells
18
Entamoeba gingivalis
Morphology
20
Entamoeba coli
Morphology
Trophozoite
• Sized 15-30m
• Small pseudopodium
• No erythrocytes in the
endoplasm
• Single nucleus with eccentric
karyosome (green arrow) and
irregular chromatin
• Similar to E. histolytica
precyst
21
Entamoeba coli
Morphology
Cyst
• Sized 12-20m
• Up to 8 nuclei,
regarding to the
development
• Thick wall
• Very similar to
Entamoeba
histolytica, only
much smaller
• 6-10 m in size
23
Non-Pathogenic Amoeba
Endolimax nana
Trophozoite
24
Non-Pathogenic Amoeba
Iodamoeba butschlii
• Considered to be a commensal
protozoa
• It is found in pigs as well as humans
• The infection can be transmitted from
pigs to humans
25
Non-Pathogenic Amoeba
Iodamoeba butschlii
Trophozoite
• Measures usually 12 to 15
µm (range 8 to 20 µm)
• Has one nucleus with a
large, usually central
karyosome
• Cytoplasm is coarsely
granular, vacuolated and
can contain bacteria,
yeasts or other materials
26
Non-Pathogenic Amoeba
Iodamoeba butschlii
Cyst
• Measures usually 10 to 12
µm (range 5 to 20 µm)
• Shape varies from ovoidal
to rounded
• Has only one nucleus with a
large, usually eccentric
karyosome
• Characteristically contain a
large glycogen vacuole
(iodophil body) arrowed
27
Non-Pathogenic Amoeba
Dientamoeba fragilis
28
Non-Pathogenic Amoeba
Dientamoeba fragilis
29
Non-Pathogenic Amoeba
Dientamoeba fragilis
30
Ciliatae
31
Ciliates
Classification
• Mostly free-living
• Only one acts as pathogenic parasite
in man: Balantidium coli
• Motile organ is ciliae
32
Balantidium coli
General
33
Balantidium coli
Morphology
Trophozoite
• Oval or bean-shaped
• Measures 60-150
microns in length
• Covered by ciliae
• Contains cytostome,
bean-shaped
macronucleus,
micronucleus, and
contractile vacuoles
34
Balantidium coli
Morphology
Cyst
• Rounded with thick wall
• Measures 40-70 m
• Ciliae still exist inside
the wall
• Contains macronucleus,
micronucleus, and
vacuoles
35
B. coli
Life Cycle
37
Flagellates
Classification
38
Flagellates
Classification
39
Giardia lamblia
Terminology
• Superclass: Mastigophora
• Class : Zoomastigophorea
• Family : Hexamitidae
40
Giardia lamblia
General
41
Giardia lamblia
Morphology
Trophozoite
• Average about 15 µm in
length
• Has a distinct "tear-drop"
shape
• Bi-nucleated, two suckers
in the concave anterior
part, two parabasal
bodies, two axostyle, and 4
pairs of flagellas
42
Giardia lamblia
Morphology
Cyst
• Average 8-13 µm in size
• Ovoid shape
• Immature cyst contains 2
nuclei, and the mature 4
nuclei, and remnants of
the axostyle
• Thick and transparent wall
43
Giardia lamblia
Morphology
44
Giardia lamblia
Life Cycle
45
Non-Pathogenic Flegellate
Chilomastix mesnili
Trophozoite
• The largest flagellate found in man
• Pear shaped, measures 6-20m in length
• Contains one large nucleus, cytostome, axostyle,
flagellum, and undulating membrane
47
Non-Pathogenic Flegellate
Chilomastix mesnili
Cyst
• Lemon shaped, measures
6-9m
• Prominent side knob
• Contains single nucleus,
cytostome, and undulating
membrane
• Very resistant, survives in
months in the water
48
Non-Pathogenic Flegellate
Trichomonas hominis
• Cosmopolitan
• Considered to be non-pathogenic, although
it has been associated with diarrheic stools
• Found in a wide host range including human
and non-human primates, cats, dogs and
various rodents
• Live in colon o/t host
• Forms no cystic stage
49
Non-Pathogenic Flegellate
Trichomonas hominis
50
Non-Pathogenic Flegellate
Retortamonas intestinalis
• Cosmopolitan
distributed, but rarely
encountered
• Live in colon o/t host
• Has trophozoite and
cystic stage
• Pear-shaped
trophozoite, 2 flagellae
51
Non-Pathogenic Flegellate
Enteromonas hominis
52
Trichomonas vaginalis
General
53
Trichomonas vaginalis
Morphology
54
T. vaginalis
Life Cycle
• Transexually
infection
• Occasionally
occurs via
indirect
transmission,
i.e. through
contaminated
fabrices
55
Trypanosoma spp.
Hemoflagellates
• Family Trypanosomidae
• 3 species known to be pathogenic in
human are:
1. Trypanosoma gambiense
2. Trypanosoma rhodesiense
3. Trypanosoma cruzi
• Causes human sleeping sickness
56
Trypanosoma gambiense
General
• Fusiform shaped
• Flagellated
58
Trypanosoma gambiense
Morphology
59
Trypanosoma gambiense
Life Cycle
60
Trypanosoma rhodesiense
General
61
Trypanosoma cruzi
General
• Causes South American trypanosomiasis or
Chagas disease
• Vector: Triatomine bug
• Final host: humans
• Reservoir host: pets, rodents, monkeys,
armadillos
• Living in two forms in human body:
1. trypanosoma form (trypomastigote) found in
peripheral blood vessels
2. leishmania form (amastygote) found in muscles,
brain, reticuloendothelial system, and lymph
nodes 62
Trypanosoma cruzi
Life Cycle
63
Trypanosoma cruzi
Life Cycle
Turn to be
Trypomastigote ingested trypomastigote in the
by triatomine bug blood stream
64
Leishmania spp.
General
• Class Zoomastigophorea
• Order Kinetoplastida
• Family Trypanosomidae
• 3 species known to be pathogenic in
humans are:
1. Leishmania donovani
2. Leishmania tropica
3. Leishmania braziliensis
65
Leishmania donovani
General
Promastigotes
68
Leishmania donovani
Life Cycle
69
Leishmania donovani
Life Cycle