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Networking
Week 05, Unit 06:
The Network Layer
The Network Layer
Learning Objectives
Interhost communication.
Session data Establishes, manages and
5 terminates connection between
applications
(Sausage) (Drippy)
(not) (Pancakes)
• IP version 4 (IPv4)
• Available in all current OS
• IP version 6 (IPv6)
• Available in all current OS
• AppleTalk (not used much)
• Available in MAC OS only
• IP replaced most other L3 protocols
• Internet Communication Message Protocol
• Few other protocols
• Will discuss in context when needed (later units)
Version 1.0/Spring 2013 CCNA 1 – An Introduction to Networking 8
IP Overview
• IPv4
• Remains popular in private networks
– Main L3 protocol for CCNA students
• Connectionless communication
• Best effort delivery of packets only
• Media independent
• Fast forwarding of packets
• IPv6
• Currently being implemented globally by ISPs
• Will learn more about IPv6 later
Version 1.0/Spring 2013 CCNA 1 – An Introduction to Networking 9
IPv4 Details
• Protocol (8 bits)
• Data payload type that the packet is carrying. Enables
the L3 services to pass the data to the appropriate
upper-layer protocol
• Type-of-Service (8 bits)
• Used to determine the type (class) of each packet
• Value enables a Quality-of-Service (QoS) mechanism
for high priority packets, such as VoIP
• Version (4 bits)
• Contains the IP version number
• Header Length (IHL) (4 bits)
• Size of the packet header
• Packet Length (16 bits)
• Entire packet size, including header and data, in
bytes
• How learned
• C = directly-connected route
• S = static route configured by human
• S* = static default route configured by human
• O = dynamically learned via OSPF
• D = dynamically learned via EIGRP
• Destination IP network address & prefix
• Network address & prefix of destination address
• Age of route
• How long route in routing table since last update
• Router exit interface to reach destination IP
address
• The router’s own interface through which the packet
must be sent to reach the next router in the path to
the destination
User Exec:
Router>
Privileged Exec:
Router#
Global Config:
Router#(config)