LECTURER :

MADAM JAI SHREE A/P BIPINCHANDRA

PRESENTED BY :
NUR SYAZA BT ISAMUDDIN
NUR SYAHIRA NAJIHAH BT SHAARI
NURAIN ATHIRAH BT BIDI
NURFADHILA NADIA AIN BT AZMAN
 Adjectives
• The simplest definition of an adjective is that it is a word that
describes or clarifies a noun. Adjectives describe nouns by
giving some information about an object’s size, shape, age,
color, origin or material.

• It’s a big table. (size)

• It’s a round table. (shape)
• It’s an old table. (age)
• It’s a brown table. (color)
• It’s an English table. (origin)
• It’s a wooden table. (material)
• It’s a lovely table. (opinion)
• It’s a broken table. (observation)
• It’s a coffee table. (purpose)
 Recognizing and placing adjectives in
sentences
• Adjectives in English are invariable. They do not change their form
depending on the gender or number of the noun.

• EXAMPLES:
• This is a hot potato.
• Those are some hot potatoes.

• To emphasise or strengthen the meaning of an adjective, use the

adverbs very or really in front of the adjective you want to strengthen.
• EXAMPLES:
• This is a very hot potato
• Those are some really hot potatoes.

• Adjectives in English usually appear in front of the noun that they modify.
• EXAMPLES:
• The beautiful girl ignored me.
• The fast red car drove away.
 The order of adjectives when using several
in a row
When a number of adjectives are used together, the order depends on the function of
the adjective. The usual order is:
Quantity, Value/opinion, Size, Temperature, Age, Shape, Colour, Origin, Material
WHAT THE
ADJECTIVE EXAMPLES
EXPRESSES
four, ten, a few,
Quantity
several
delicious,
Value/Opinion charming,
beautiful
Size tall, tiny, huge
Temperature hot, cold
old, young, new,
Age
14-year-old
Shape square, round
Color red, purple, green
Swedish,
Origin
Victorian, Chinese
EXAMPLES

• They have a lovely old red post-box.

• The playroom has six small round
plastic tables.
• I bought some charming Victorian
silver ornaments at the flea market.
• She is selling her flashy 3-year-old
Italiancar.
• It was a beautiful cold day.
 Forming Comparative and Superlative Adjectives
One-syllable adjectives.
Form the comparative and superlative forms of a one-syllable adjective by
adding –er for the comparative form and –est for the superlative.

One-Syllable Adjective I Comparative Form I

Superlative Form
tall taller
tallest
old older
oldest
long longer
longest

• Mary is taller than Max.

• Mary is the tallest of all the students.
• Max is older than John.
• Of the three students, Max is the oldest.
If the one-syllable adjective ends with an e, just add –r for
the comparative form and –st for the superlative form.
One-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form
Superlative Form
With Final –e
large larger
largest
wise wiser
wisest

• Mary's car is larger than Max's car.

• Mary's house is the tallest of all the houses on the
block.
• Max is wiser than his brother.
• Max is the wisest person I know.
If the one-syllable adjective ends with a single
consonant with a vowel before it, double the
consonant and add –er for the comparative form;
and double the consonant and add –est for the
superlative form.
One-Syllable
Adjective Ending Comparative Form Superlative Form
with a Single
Consonant with a
Single Vowel before
It
Big Bigger Biggest

Thin Thinner Thinnest

Fat Fatter Fattest

• My dog is bigger than your dog.
• My dog is the biggest of all the dogs in the
neighborhood.
• Max is thinner than John.
• Of all the students in the class, Max is the
thinnest.
• My mother is fatter than your mother.
• Mary is the fattest person I've ever seen.
Two-syllable adjectives.

With most two-syllable adjectives, you form the

comparative with more and the superlative with most.

Two-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form

Superlative Form
peaceful more peaceful
most peaceful
pleasant more pleasant
most pleasant
careful more careful most
careful
thoughtful more thoughtful most
thoughtful
• This morning is more peaceful than
yesterday morning.
• Max's house in the mountains is the most
peaceful in the world.
• Max is more careful than Mike.
• Of all the taxi drivers, Jack is the most
careful.
• Jill is more thoughtful than your sister.
• Mary is the most thoughtful person I've ever
met.
If the two-syllable adjectives ends with –y, change the y to i
and add -er for the comparative form. For the superlative
form change the y to i and add -est.

Two-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form

Superlative Form
Ending with -y
happy happier
happiest
angry angrier
angriest
busy busier busiest

• John is happier today than he was yesterday.

• John is the happiest boy in the world.
Two-syllable adjectives ending in –er, -le, or –ow take –er and –
est to form the comparative and superlative forms.

Two-Syllable Adjective Ending Comparative Form

Superlative Form
with -er, -le, or -ow
narrow narrower
narrowest gentle
gentler gentlest

• The roads in this town are narrower than the roads in the city.
• This road is the narrowest of all the roads in California.
• Big dogs are gentler than small dogs.
• Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the gentlest.
Adjectives with three or more syllables.

For adjectives with three syllables or more, you form the

comparative with more and the superlative with most.
Adjective with Three or Comparative Form
Superlative Form
More Syllables
generous more generous
most generous important more
important most important intelligent
more intelligent most intelligent

• John is more generous than Jack.

• John is the most generous of all the people I know.
• Health is more important than money.
• Of all the people I know, Max is the most important.
 Comparing Attributes
WHEN ATTRIBUTES ARE EQUAL
Comparing equal attributes is simple. To compare the
attributes of two things that are equal, we use the pattern:
as + adjective describing the attribute + as
EXAMPLES:
Tom is as tall as his brother.
I am as hungry as you are.
Sally is as nice as Jane.

WHEN ATTRIBUTES ARE NOT EQUAL

When the two attributes are not equal, there are three
constructions with equivalent meanings.
Either use the pattern:
not as + adjective describing the attribute + as
Or use the pattern:
less + adjective describing the attribute + than : This construction
is more frequent with some adjectives than with others.
Or use the pattern:
comparative adjective + than : This construction may require
changing the order of the phrase or using the opposing adjective.

EXAMPLES
• Mont Blanc is not as high as Mount Everest.
• Mont Blanc is less high than Mount Everest.
• Mont Blanc is lower than Mount Everest.
• Mount Everest is higher than Mont Blanc.
• Norway is not as sunny as Thailand.
• Norway is less sunny than Thailand.
To compare two things that are equal, we use the pattern:
as + adjective indicating quantity + (noun) + as
The quantity adjective you use depends if the noun in the comparison is
countable or uncountable.

COUNTABLE NOUNS
Use as many and as few with countable nouns. Note that the noun may be
ommitted when it is understood from the context, as in the last example
below.

EXAMPLES :

They have as many children as we do.

We have as many customers as they do.
Tom has as few books as Jane.
There are as few houses in his village as in mine.
You know as many people as I do.
I have visited the States as many times as he has.
I have three brothers. That's as many as you have. ("brothers" is understood)
*ommited = excluded
 Adjectives comparing unequal quantities
Adjective indicating quantitiy + ( noun ) + than

The quantity adjective you use depends if the noun in the comparison is
countable or uncountable

i) COUNTABLE NOUNS
Use more and fewer with countable nouns. Note that the noun may be
ommitted when it is understood from the context, as in the last example
below.
EXAMPLES
• They have more children than we do.
• We have more customers than they do.
• Tom has fewer books than Jane.
• There are fewer houses in his village than in
mine.
• You know more people than I do.
• I have visited the States more times than he
has.
• I have three brothers. That's more than you
have.
• ii) UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Use more or less with uncountable nouns. Note that the noun may be
omitted when it is understood from the context, as in the last example below.

EXAMPLES
• John eats more food than Peter.
• Jim has less patience than Sam.
• You've heard more news than I have.
• He's had more success than his brother has.
• They've got less water than we have.
• I'm not hungry at all. I've had more than I
want.
 Exercises on adjectives
Complete the following sentences using the appropriate form of
the adjective given in the brackets.
1. He is ………………… than his neighbors. (rich)
2. The brides were much ……………… than the grooms. (young)
3. He is too ………………… to be taught. (intelligent)
4. He is ………………… than I thought him to be. (clever)
5. When the old woman became …………………, she began to move
about. (strong)
6. He is much ………………… now. (good)
7. The offer was too ………………… to be true. (good)
8. He fishes with ………………… success than I do. (great)
9. Shakespeare is the ………………… playwright in English. (great)
10. The pain was ………………… than he could bear. (much)